Chapter 16 - Ergogenic Aids Flashcards
1
Q
Bicarbonate (effects, benefits, risks)
A
- Enhances H+ removal from muscles
- Increased blood pH and buffering capacity
- GI discomfort
2
Q
Beta-alanine
A
- Increased muscle cell carnosine levels
- Increased intracellular buffering
- Paresthesia (tingling)
3
Q
Tart cherry juice
A
- Perceived reduction of muscle pain
- Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant
4
Q
Caffeine
A
- Elevated mood, decreased fatigue, faster fat metabolism
- Lower perception of effort, improved energy level
- Addiction, nervousness, insomnia
5
Q
Creatine
A
- Increases muscle PCr content, enhanced peak power production
- Enhanced performance in high-power exercise, better recovery
- Kidney damage with large doses
6
Q
Nitrate
A
- Reduced systolic blood pressure, increased delivery of O2 and nutrients to active skeletal muscle
- Improved time to exhaustion
- Some medications affect nitrate metabolism (thus causing negative effects)
7
Q
3 criteria in anti-doping code
A
- has potential to enhance sport performance
- has potential to harm athlete
- violates the spirit of sport
8
Q
Stimulant effects
A
- Higher state of arousal
- Decreased fatigue
- Increased HR, BP, blood flow, blood glucose, FFAs
9
Q
Stimulant risks
A
- Cardiac arrhythmia
- Addiction
- Anxiety, aggression, insomnia
10
Q
Anabolic steroids effects
A
- Increasing potassium and nitrogen (FFM markers)
- Decrease muscle damage during lifting
- Increase muscle size and strength
11
Q
Anabolic steroid risks
A
- Excess oestrogen
- Infertility
- Cardiac hypertrophy
- Thrombosis, arrhythmia, hypertension
12
Q
HGH effects
A
- Enhancement of protein synthesis
- Stimulation of bone growth
- Enhanced healing after injury
13
Q
HGH risks
A
- Agromegaly
- Enlargement of internal organs
- Cardiomyopathy
- Hypertension
- Diabetes (glucose intolerance)
14
Q
Diuretics benefits
A
- Dilution of banned substances in urine
- Temporary weight loss
15
Q
Diuretics risks
A
- Impaired thermoregulation
- Electrolyte imbalance
- Dehydration
