Chapter 16 - Endocrine System - Hypothalamus and Anterior Pituitary Gland Hormones

Question 1

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

Answer 1

1. Stimulated by an increased solute concentration of the blood (hypertonic cells)
2. Hypothalamus makes ADH
3. Stored in the Posterior Pituitary Gland
4. Released from the Posterior Pituitary Gland
5. Causes the Kidneys to reabsorb water
6. Inhibited by a decreased solute concentration of the blood (isotonic)

Question 2

Oxytocin

Answer 2

1. Stimulated by stretching of the uterus or an infant suckling at the nipple
2. Hypothalamus produces Oxytocin
3. Stored in the Posterior Pituitary Gland
4. Released from the Posterior Pituitary Gland
5. Causes the uterus to contract or the milk to be ejected from the breasts (Milk Let-Down Reflex)
6. Inhibited by the cervix no longer stretching or the infant no longer suckling the nipple

Question 3

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

Answer 3

1. Stimulated by an increase in Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH) from the Hypothalamus, exposure to cold, or stress
2. TRH causes TSH to be released from the Thyroid Gland
3. TSH acts on the Thyroid Gland to produce T3 and T4
4. TSH causes growth and development of the thyroid gland and production (synthesis) of the thyroid hormones (T3 and T4)
5. Inhibited by increased level of Thyroid Hormones (T3 and T4) or Somatostatin by the Hypothalamus

Question 4

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

Answer 4

1. Stimulated by Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone (CRH) from the Hypothalamus (where it is made) and stress
2. This stimulation causes ACTH to be released from the Anterior Pituitary Gland (where it is made)
3. ACTH causes growth and development of the adrenal cortex and releases adrenal steroids and cetcholamines (dopamine, epinephrine (adrenaline), and norepinephrine.
4. ACTH is inhibited by an increased level of Cortisol and increased level of Aldosterone.

Question 5

Prolactin

Answer 5

1. It is stimulated by an infant suckling at the nipple and Prolactin-Releasing Hormone (PRH) from the Hypothalamus
2. This causes the Prolactin to be released from the Anterior Pituitary Gland
3. Causes the development of the mammary glands and produces milk
4. It is inhibited by the Proloactin-Inhibiting Factor (Dopamine) from the hypothalamus (remember Dopamine can be made in the adrenal cortex, as well)

Question 6

Leutinizing Hormone (LH)

Answer 6

1. Stimulated by the Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) from the Hypothalamus where it is made
2. Causes the following to occur:
   MALE - development of gonads and to produce testosterone
   FEMALE - development of gonads, produce estrogen and progesterone and induce ovulation
3. LH is inhibited by increased level of estrogen, progesterone and testosterone

Question 7

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

Answer 7

1. Stimulated by the Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) from the Hypothalamus, where it is made
2. Causes the production factors that bind and concentrate testosterone and the production of estrogen and maturation of ovarian follicles
3. FSH is inhibited by increased level of testosterone and estrogens

Question 8

Growth Hormone (GH)

Answer 8

1. Stimulated by Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH) from the Hypothalamus, where it is made
2. Causes gluconeogenesis, fat breakdown, stimulation of muscle, bone and cartilage production
3. GH is inhibited by Somatostatin from the Hypothalamus