Chapter 16 Endocrine

Question 1

Aden/o

Answer 1

Gland

Question 2

Adren/o, adrenal/o

Answer 2

Adrenal glands

Question 3

Cortic/o

Answer 3

Cortex (the outer layer of a body organ)

Question 4

Endocrin/o

Answer 4

Endocrine

Question 5

Parathyroid/o

Answer 5

Parathyroid glands

Question 6

Pituitar/o

Answer 6

Pituitary gland

Question 7

Thyroid/o, thyr/o

Answer 7

Thyroid gland

Question 8

Acr/o

Answer 8

Extremities, height

Question 9

Calc/I

Answer 9

Calcium

Question 10

Dips/o

Answer 10

Thirst

Question 11

Kal/I

Answer 11

Potassium

Question 12

Natr/o

Answer 12

Sodium

Question 13

Cushing syndrome

Answer 13

Group of signs and symptoms attributed to the excessive production of cortisol by the adrenal cortices. This syndrome may be a result of a pituitary tumor or a primary adrenal gland dysfunction. Signs include abnormally pigmented skin, “moon face,” pads of fat on the chest and abdomen, “buffalo hump” (fat on the upper back), wasting away of muscle, and hypertension.

Question 14

diabetes insipidus (DI)

Answer 14

result of decreased secretion of antidiuretic hormone by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. Symptoms include excessive thirst (polydipsia), large amounts of urine (polyuria), and sodium being excreted from the body.

Question 15

diabetes mellitus (DM)

Answer 15

chronic disease involving a disorder of carbohydrate metabolism caused by under-activity of the islets of Langerhans a characterized by elevated blood sugar (hyperglycemia). DM can cause chronic renal disease, retinopathy, and neuropathy. In extreme cases the patient may develop ketosis, acidosis, and finally coma.

Question 16

gigantism

Answer 16

condition brought about by hypersecretion of growth hormone by the pituitary gland before puberty

Question 17

goiter

Answer 17

enlargement of the thyroid gland

Question 18

Graves disease

Answer 18

a disorder of the thyroid gland characterized by the presence of hyperthyroidism, goiter, and abnormal protrusion of the eyeballs

Question 19

myxedema

Answer 19

condition resulting from a deficiency of the thyroid hormone thyroxine; a severe form of hypothyroidism in an adult. Signs include puffiness of the face and hands, coarse and thickened skin, enlarged tongue, slow speech, and anemia

Question 20

tetany

Answer 20

condition affecting nerves causing muscle spasms as a result of low amounts of calcium in the blood caused by a deficiency of the parathyroid hormone

Question 21

fasting blood sugar (FBS)

Answer 21

a blood test performed after the patient has fasted for 8 to 10 hours to determine the amount of glucose (sugar) in the blood at the time of the test. Elevation may indicate diabetes mellitus.

Question 22

exophthalmos

Answer 22

abnormal protrusion of the eyeball

Question 23

hormone

Answer 23

a chemical substance secreted by an endocrine gland that is carried in the blood to a target tissue

Question 24

isthmus

Answer 24

narrow strip of tissue connecting two larger parts in the body, such as the isthmus that connects the two lobes of thyroid gland

Question 25

metabolism

Answer 25

sum total of all the chemical processes that take place in a living organism

Question 26

ADH

Answer 26

antidiuretic hormone