Chapter 16: Emergency Response Flashcards
A serious, unexpected event that demands immediate attention
Emergency
Is a special unit of the hospital equipped to care for persons who arrive in need of immediate care
The ED
How can some patients misuse the ED
-seek care for minor illnesses, rather than having a primary-care provide
-seek narcotics for recreation/abuse
Specialized care facilities usually within a hospital designed to cope with life-threatening injuries
Trauma Units
What are the levels of the trauma units
-Level I
-Level II
-Level III
What trauma unit is the most comprehensive, specialized care 24/7
Level I
The role of the radiographer in trauma radiography may be to
-take radiographs in the ED xray room
-operate CT scanner
-take radiographs with mobile equipment in the trauma bay while patient is also being tested and treated by other members of the trauma team
What does the radiographer need to do when there are multiple patients that need imaging at the same time
prioritize
In two equally urgent cases which exam should be done first
The shorter exam
Who is given highest priority
Highest priority is given to those with the most unstable vitals
What is the word stat from
Latin statim
This specific order should be done at once because the patients well being may be compromised by any delay
an order designated STAT is to be done at once
is defined as an emergency of huge magnitude that creates unforeseen, serious, or immediate threat to public health
Disaster
Types of disasters
-natural, accidental, manmade
What are examples of a natural disaster
tornado, earthquake, flood, hurricane
What are examples of accidental disasters
plane crash and train wreck
What is an example of a manmade disaster
terrorist attack
Disaster Response
-every hospital is required to have a disaster plan
-every member of the healthcare team must know the plan
-Drills (internal and in the community) are routine to practice the response, coordination of care and roles.
Defined as the process of identifying the victims, performing initial examinations, and assigning priorities for further care
-set up in a large, central locale
Triage
What is an essential part of disaster response
Triage
-A facilities procedure to call for emergency help
-usually uses a specific communication code
-Important to know the emergency call codes for facility
Emergency call systems
What is the color code for fire
Red
what is the color code for heart or respiration stopping
Blue
What is the color code for hazardous material spill or release
Orange
What is the color code for combative person
Gray
What is the color code for weapon or hostage situation
Silver
What is the color code for infant/child abduction
AMBER
What is the code for the situation is resolved
Code Clear
-Also known as a code team
-A designated group of healthcare workers who respond to emergency codes
Emergency Response Team
The members of the emergency response team are usually
-one or more physician
-several nurses
-a respiratory therapist
-an electrocardiographer
Assisting the emergency response team
-when the code team arrives, allow them to take over immediately
-provide a history of the situation
-stand by to follow their directions
-record keeping is essential
(time emergency started and code team arrival time)
-also called “crash carts”
-keep in strategic locations throughout the hospital
-know the location of the nearest cart for the imaging department
Emergency Carts
Name some things in the crash cart
Backboard
Bag valve mask
Blood collection tubes
Blood pressure cuff
Carbon dioxide detector for ET tube placement
Cardiac monitor
Cutdown tray
Defibrillator
Drugs according to institutional protocol
ET tubes
Flashlight
Hemostat
Laryngoscope
Needles, syringes
Pen, paper, checklist for cart contents
Protective gowns, eyewear, masks
Scissors
Sterile and nonsterile gloves
Stethoscope
Suction bottle
Suction catheters
Tongue blades
Tracheostomy tubes
IV solutions and tubing
IV cannulas
Patients in the ED are classified as:
-Nonurgent
-Urgent
-Life threatening
Who decides the most acute cases are seen first
ED doctor
What should the the radiographer constantly be doing during imaging procedures for ED patients
Assessing the patient because trauma patients often experience sudden changes in status
vasoconstrictor, increases cardiac output, raises blood pressure, aids respiration by relaxing bronchioles
Adrenaline (epinephrine)
Cardiac antidysrhythmic
Amiodarone
Respiratory/circulatory stimulant; dries secretions
Atropine
Most common oxygen administration
Nasal cannula
oxygen administration that adds humidity
Simple face mask
oxygen administration that can supply 100% oxygen
Non-breathing mask
oxygen administration that is recommended for COPD
high flow mask
oxygen administration for pediatric patients
Tent
normal oxygen flow rate
1-6L/min
oxygen flow rate for trauma
10L/min
oxygen flow rate for patients with COPD
should not be any higher than 3L/min
used when a patient is unable to clear the mouth and throat of secretions, blood, or vomitus
Suctions
-The pump is working
-The receptacle is connected to the pump
-An adequate length of tubing connects the suction catheter to the receptacle
-disposable, flexible catheters available for deep tracheobronchial suction by a qualifies emergency-response provider
-a rigid pharyngeal catheter device is available to clean foreign material from the mouth and pharynx.
Suction Checklist
Oxygen Administration delivery methods
-nasal cannula
-simple face mask
-nonrebreathing mask
-high flow mask
-tent
Combats tetany (muscle spasms)
Calcium chloride
Antiinflammatory
Decadrom (dexamethasone)
Treats hyperkalemia (high potassium)
dextrose 50%
Anticonvulsant
Dilantin (phenytoin)
Reverses hypoglycemia
Glucagon
Inhibits blood coagulation
Heparin
Relieves bronchospasm
Isuprel (isoproterenol)
Increases blood pressure, treats shock
Levophed (norepinephrine)
Opioid antagonist
Narcan (naloxone)
Vasodilator, relaxes walls of blood vessels, increases circulation
Nitrostat (nitroglycerin)
Combats acidosis
Sodium bicarbonate
Anti-inflammatory
Solu-Medrol (methylprednisolone)
Diluent
Sterile water
Tranquilizer, antiseizure agent
Valium (diazepam)
Vasoconstrictor
Vasopressin
Cardiac antidysrhythmic medication, specific to paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT)
Verapamil
Anesthetic, cardiac antidysrhythmic medication
Xylocaine (lidocaine)
A group of lung conditions, including emphysema and chronic bronchitis, that make it difficult for the patient to breath
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Can refer to the placement of any tube, it is most commonly used to indicate the placement of an airway tube into the trachea
intubation
endotracheal intubation or tracheostomy
Who require long term respiratory support and airway management, to maintain an open airway for oxygen administration
Is a mechanical respiratory device powered by compressed air that controls respiratory rate , volume of inspiration, and oxygen content
Ventilator
A group of individuals from multiple disciplines who work together to assess and stabilize a trauma patient
Trauma Team
Golden Hour
Greater change of recovery if can be stabilized within the first hour
save lives. These teams are trained to intervene and assist caregivers before a patient’s condition deteriorates to the point of a full-blown code condition.
Rapid Response Teams
