Chapter 15 Medication Administration Flashcards
1
Q
consists of written directions for a specific medication or procedure, signed by a physician, and used only under the specific conditions stated in the order.
A
standing order
2
Q
strong laxative
A
cathartic
3
Q
route indicates administration of medication directly into the gastrointestinal tract via oral or rectal sites or via a nasogastric (NG) tube.
A
Enteral
4
Q
route of administration refers to the application of medication to the surface of the skin or mucous membranes.
A
Topical
5
Q
Other topical medications are used for a systemic effect, and this type of administration is termed
A
Transdermal
6
Q
Drugs placed under the tongue
A
sublingual
**can be absorbed into the blood through the oral mucosa and are immediately available without having to be digested and absorbed through the stomach or bowel.
7
Q
Drugs placed inside the cheek
A
Buccal
**can be absorbed into the blood through the oral mucosa and are immediately available without having to be digested and absorbed through the stomach or bowel.
8
Q
When coronary arteries are unable to supply the heart muscle with sufficient nutrients and oxygen, this results in a crushing pain called
A
Angina Pectoris
9
Q
medications are injected directly into the body and bypass the gastrointestinal tract.
A
Parentral
10
Q
into a vein)
A
Intravenous (IV
11
Q
injections are the most common type of intravascular administration.
A
Intravenous
12
Q
refers to parenteral injections into the spinal canal
A
intrathecal
13
Q
when does medication administration become a radiographers responsibility
A
INJECTED IODINATED MEDIA
INGESTED CONTRAST MEDIA
14
Q
These types of MEDICATIONS ARE
ADMINISTERED TO PATIENTS SO THEY CAN TOLERATE
IMAGING PROCEDURES.
A
ANTIANXIETY AND ANESTHETIC
15
Q
List a few of radiographers roles when it comes to medication administration
A
CHECK ALLERGIC HISTORY OF PATIENTS.
- PREPARE MEDICATION FOR ADMINISTRATION.
- VERIFY PATIENT ID.
- ASSIST THE PHYSICIAN.
- MONITOR THE PATIENT AFTER ADMINISTRATION.
- IF STATE REGULATIONS AND HOSPITAL POLICIES PERMIT:
- MIGHT ALSO ADMINISTER AND CHART THE MEDICATION OR
CONTRAST MEDIUM
16
Q
Medication Orders:
A
written
verbal
standing
17
Q
what medical order is not permitted in all states and not permitted in some institutions
A
Verbal
18
Q
- WRITTEN DIRECTIONS FOR A SPECIFIC
MEDICATION/PROCEDURE - SIGNED BY A PROVIDER
- USED FOR SPECIFIC CONDITIONS STATED IN THE ORDER
A
Standing Order
19
Q
SIX RIGHTS OF MEDICATION
ADMINISTRATION
A
- THE RIGHT DOSE
- OF THE RIGHT MEDICATION
- TO THE RIGHT PATIENT
- AT THE RIGHT TIME
- BY THE RIGHT ROUTE
- WITH THE RIGHT DOCUMENTATION
20
Q
Routes of administration:
A
- ENTERAL ROUTE
- ORAL
- RECTAL
- NASOGASTRIC (NG) TUBE
- MEDICATION INHALATION
- TOPICAL ROUTE
- SUBLINGUAL AND BUCCAL ROUTES
- PARENTERAL INJECTIONS
- INTRAVENOUS (IV)
21
Q
- COMMON AND FAMILIAR ADMINISTRATION
- DIGESTIVE PROCESS CAN REDUCE THERAPEUTIC EFFECT
A
Oral
22
Q
Enteral Route
A
oral
Rectal
Nasogastric NG tube
23
Q
- ALTERNATIVE FOR THOSE UNABLE TO SWALLOW OR WITH
AN UNRETENTIVE STOMACH - DOSAGE MAY BE UNRELIABLE BECAUSE OF EARLY
EXPULSION.
A
Rectal
24
Q
ALSO AN ALTERNATIVE TO ORAL ADMINISTRATION
* MORE RELIABLE AND MORE EASILY CONTROLLED
A
Nasogastric NG tube
25
* PROVIDE THERAPY DIRECTLY TO LUNGS/RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM
* USED IN NUCLEAR MEDICINE FOR ADMINISTRATION OF
RADIOACTIVE GASES FOR LUNG VENTILATION STUDIES
Medication Inhalation
26
* MAY BE USED TO PROVIDE LOCAL THERAPY, SUCH AS
CREAMS FOR RASHES
* TRANSDERMAL PATCHES PROVIDE THERAPY BY
ADHERING MEDICATION TO THE SKIN, WHICH IS
EVENTUALLY ABSORBED INTO THE BLOODSTREAM.
ex. nicotine patches
Topical Route
27
* USED TO DELIVER DRUGS THAT:
* CAUSE IRRITATION OF THE GI TRACT
* CANNOT BE ABSORBED BY THE GI TRACT
* ARE NEEDED RAPIDLY TO SITE OF ACTION
PARENTERAL INJECTIONS
28
PARENTERAL ROUTES
* INTRADERMAL
* SUBCUTANEOUS
(SC)
* INTRAMUSCULAR
(IM)
* INTRA-ARTERIAL
* INTRAVENOUS
(IV)
* INTRATHECAL
29
STEPS FOR PARENTERAL INJECTION
PROCEDURE
* GREET THE PATIENT. CHECK PATIENT IDENTIFICATION AND EXPLAIN THE PROCEDURE.
* SELECT THE APPROPRIATE INJECTION SITE.
* PERFORM HAND HYGIENE AND DON CLEAN GLOVES.
* CLEANSE THE SELECTED AREA WITH AN ALCOHOL WIPE.
* HOLD THE SKIN TAUT WITH YOUR NONDOMINANT HAND.
* INSERT THE NEEDLE AT THE CORRECT ANGLE, AND PULL BACK SLIGHTLY ON THE PLUNGER.
* IF NO BLOOD IS PRESENT, INJECT THE MEDICATION.
* WITHDRAW THE NEEDLE QUICKLY, AND WIPE THE INJECTION SITE.
* SEE TO THE PATIENT’S COMFORT.
* REMOVE YOUR GLOVES AND PERFORM HAND HYGIENE.
* CHART THE MEDICATION.
* DISCARD THE CONTAINER AND ANY REMAINING MEDICATION. PLACE THE SYRINGE WITH ATTACHED
NEEDLE IN A SHARPS CONTAINER.
30
* READ THE MEDICATION LABEL THREE TIMES BEFORE
ADMINISTRATION:
1. WHEN SELECTING THE CONTAINER
2. WHILE PREPARING THE DOSE
3. JUST BEFORE INJECTION
THIS IS ESSENTIAL TO BE ABSOLUTELY CERTAIN THAT YOU
HAVE THE CORRECT DRUG AND THE PROPER STRENGTH,
AND THAT THE EXPIRATION DATE HAS NOT BEEN
EXCEEDED.
31
* PROVIDES MOST IMMEDIATE EFFECT
* USED FOR DELIVERING MOST EMERGENCY MEDICATIONS
WHEN AN IMMEDIATE RESPONSE IS CRITICAL
* ALSO USED TO DELIVER PARENTERAL NUTRITION AND
CHEMOTHERAPY
* USED TO INJECT CONTRAST MEDIA FOR RADIOGRAPHIC
EXAMINATIONS OF THE URINARY TRACT AND FOR SOME
COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (CT) STUDIES, AND TO PROVIDE
SEDATION DURING INVASIVE PROCEDURES AND MRI
EXAMINATIONS
IV ROUTE
32
what does the needleless system minimize
* MINIMIZES
NEEDLESTICK
HAZARDS
33
IS THE PRESENCE OF FLUID OUTSIDE
THE VESSEL
* EXTRAVASATION
34
REFERS TO DIFFUSION OF THE FLUID INTO
THE SURROUNDING TISSUES.
* INFILTRATION
35
* ALSO CALLED INFILTRATION
EXTRAVASATION
36
LEAKAGE OR INJECTION OF IV FLUIDS OUTSIDE OF THE
VESSEL
EXTRAVASATION
37
* PAINFUL AND OFTEN DANGEROUS CONDITION
* TREATMENT IS TO APPLY COLD PACKS TO THE SITE.
* INCIDENT REPORT MUST BE FILED.
EXTRAVASATION
38
materials needed for discontinuing an IV
* MATERIALS NEEDED:
* GLOVES
* A STERILE ADHESIVE BANDAGE
* BANDAGE SCISSORS
* COTTON BALLS OR GAUZE SPONGES
39
steps for DISCONTINUING AN IV
PERFORM HAND HYGIENE AND DON GLOVES.
* EXPLAIN PROCEDURE TO PATIENT.
* CLOSE THE DRIP CONTROL.
* GENTLY REMOVE ADHESIVE TAPE AROUND
CATHETER TO EXPOSE VEIN.
* REMOVE CATHETER WITH A SINGLE LONG,
SMOOTH PULL.
* CHECK TIP TO ENSURE IT IS INTACT.
* APPLY PRESSURE TO SITE WITH DRY COTTON
BALL OR GAUZE FOR 1 MINUTE.
* APPLY STERILE ADHESIVE BANDAGE OR TAPE
COTTON BALL TO SITE.
* DOCUMENT IV REMOVAL IN CHART
* REMOVE GLOVES AND PERFORM HAND
HYGIENE.
40
Monitoring IV fluids
TO AVOID PROBLEMS:
* CALL IN ADVANCE TO INFORM THE NURSE OF LENGTHY
PROCEDURES.
* PLUG IN THE PUMP RATHER THAN RELYING ON BATTERY
POWER.
* WATCH IV FLUID LEVELS, AND ALLOW TIME FOR
REPLACEMENT BEFORE THE IV FLUID IS EXHAUSTED.
* IF AN IV SET RUNS OUT, OR IF THE ALARM SOUNDS, CALL
THE NURSING SERVICE IMMEDIATELY RATHER THAN
WAITING UNTIL THE PATIENT IS RETURNED TO THE
NURSING UNIT.
41
how high should an iv bag be above the vein
18 to 20 inches above
42
what happens if the bag is too high
AN IV SOLUTION THAT IS TOO HIGH MAY CAUSE FLUID TO INFILTRATE
INTO THE SURROUNDING TISSUES BECAUSE OF THE INCREASED
HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE.
43
what happens if the bag is placed too low
* IF THE BAG IS PLACED LOWER THAN THE VEIN, BLOOD WILL FLOW BACK
INTO THE CATHETER OR TUBING AND MAY CLOT, CAUSING THE FLUID TO
STOP FLOWING.
44
what do you do if there is infiltration /extravasation
apply cold packs
45
list some Precautions of all injections
* WEAR GLOVES
* DISPOSE OF ALL SYRINGES AND NEEDLES DIRECTLY INTO
A PUNCTURE-PROOF CONTAINER WITHOUT RECAPPING.
* USE SAFETY-DESIGNED NEEDLES AND NEEDLELESS
DEVICES WHENEVER POSSIBLE.
* ALWAYS FOLLOW ESTABLISHED RULES OF ASEPTIC
TECHNIQUE.
* READ THE LABEL THREE TIMES: BEFORE DRAWING UP
THE MEDICATION, AFTER DRAWING IT UP, AND WITH THE
PHYSICIAN BEFORE ADMINISTRATION.
* LABEL THE SYRINGE WITH THE MEDICATION NAME AND
STRENGTH (CONCENTRATION) IF THE MEDICATION WILL
NOT BE ADMINISTERED IMMEDIATELY.
* CHECK PATIENT ID BEFORE ADMINISTRATION.
* CHECK FOR ALLERGIES.
* MONITOR PATIENT CAREFULLY FOR SIDE EFFECTS.
46
Charting medications
ROUTINE ENTRY MADE IN PROPER SECTION OF CHART:
* DATE
* TIME OF DAY
* DRUG NAME
* DOSAGE
* ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION
* EACH ENTRY MUST BE SIGNED.
* CONTRAST MEDIA ARE CHARTED AS MEDICATION.
* CONTRAST AGENT’S NAME
* VOLUME ADMINISTERED
* DATE AND TIME OF ADMINISTRATION
47
collection of blood in tissues)
hematoma
48
are glass containers with narrow necks that are opened by breaking the glass.
ampules
49
injections deliver medications into the fatty tissue layer beneath the skin.
Subcutaneous Injections
50
are parenteral injections administered between the layers of the skin.
Intradermal Injections
51
IM; into the muscle) injections are sometimes given in larger amounts than SC injections, up to 5 mL, and the needle size is also larger, usually 22 gauge.
Intramuscular
52
involves percutaneous access to the artery by a needle, frequently followed by catheter placement to permit injection at a specific anatomic site.
Intraarterial Administration
53
is the parenteral method used when a contrast medium is to be injected through a spinal needle directly into the subarachnoid space.
Intrathecal Administration
54
sometimes called a drip infusion, is the administration of fluids or medications through an intravenous catheter by gravity flow.
infusion
55
a solution of 0.9% sodium chloride in water.
normal saline
56
that is, it has the same has the same concentration of solute as human body fluid.
isotonic
57
sometimes called a saline lock
intermittent injection port
58
diluting liquid
dilutent
59
the pressure exerted by fluid due to the force of gravity
hydrostatic pressure
60
example of an interdermal test
TB test
61
Range for BUN
7-21
above 21 kidneys are not functioning properly
62
Range for creatinine
0.7-1.5
too high kidneys are not functioning properly
63
what does GFR stand for
Globular filtration rate
64
Range for GFR
90-120
below 90 is not good
65
what type of relationship does BUN and Creatinine have with GFR
Inverse
66
normal drip rate
15-20 drips per minute is about 60mls an hour
67
how should certain exams be scheduled
no contrast studies first
-iodine studies
-lower gi
-upper gi
68
schedule these studies in order :
IVU , UGI, BE, KUB
1. KUB
2. IVU
3. BE
4.UGI
69
rapid injection of contrast
Bolus
70
bolus injection is also known as
IV push
71
most common place for injection
anticutible
72
what side is cephalic on
thumb side
73
what side is basilic on
pinky side
74
concentration of solution
osmolarity
75
what happens with risk of reaction when osmolarity of contrast agent increases
as osmolarity of contrast agent increases risk of reaction increases
76
thickness
viscosity
77
how to reduce thickness of a medication
put in warmer
