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Patient Care II > Chapter 14 > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Flashcards

1
Q

Indicates its chemical family

A

Generic

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2
Q

given to a drug by its manufacturer

A

Proprietary or trade names

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3
Q

These standards include strict rules concerning efficiency (effectiveness), purity, potency (strength), safety, and toxicity (potential for harm) of both prescription and nonprescription over-the-counter (OTC) medications.

A

STANDARDS FOR CONTROL OF DRUGS

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4
Q

term that means effectiveness

A

Efficiency

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5
Q

Term that means strength

A

Potency

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6
Q

Two medication properties

A

Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacodynamics

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7
Q

is a process involving the movement of a drug from the site of administration into the systemic circulation to produce a desired effect.

A

Absorption

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8
Q

How are meds absorbed

A

Oral medications are absorbed through the mucosal lining of the gastrointestinal tract. Other medications are injected and absorbed through the blood vessels in the muscles, subcutaneous tissues, or dermal layers. When medications are injected directly into a vein or artery, no absorption is needed.

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9
Q

is the means by which a drug travels from the bloodstream to the target tissue and site of action. This process depends on adequate circulation. Drugs act more quickly in organs with an abundant blood supply, such as the liver, heart, brain, and kidneys.

A

Distribution

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10
Q

is the process by which the body transforms drugs into an inactive form that can be excreted from the body.

A

Metabolism

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11
Q

Where are most drugs metabolized in the drugs

A

Most drug metabolism occurs in the liver, where enzymatic action transforms a drug into metabolites (products of metabolism) that can be excreted via the intestinal tract or the kidneys.

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12
Q

refers to the elimination of drugs from the body after they have been metabolized.

A

Excretion

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13
Q

Some of examples of how dugs may be excreted

A

-Drugs may be excreted by way of the kidneys, intestines, lungs, breast milk, or exocrine glands. The kidneys are the chief organs of excretion, but the route depends largely on the chemical makeup of the drug.
- Portions of some drugs can escape metabolism and be excreted unchanged in urine or feces.

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14
Q

-Defined as the study of the way the body processes a drug
-Includes how drugs are absorbed, reach their site of action, are metabolized, and are eliminated from the body
-Affects the response of persons to drugs (Varies according to age, physical condition, sex, weight, and immune status)

A

Pharmacokinetics

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15
Q

Another way that alcohol or certain anesthetics may be excreted

A

-Volatile substances such as alcohol and certain anesthetics are excreted through the lungs.
-Example, postoperative patients are encouraged to cough and breathe deeply to help clear their bodies of the anesthetic agent.
-Other drugs are metabolized in the liver, excreted into the bile, and then routed through the intestines for elimination.

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16
Q

Toxic effects of medication can occur when the drug accumulates in the body resulting in

A

Overdose
Impaired elimination
Advanced age
Impaired metabolism
Drug sensitivity

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17
Q

-Purpose of the medication
-Usually, drug binds to receptor sites on cells

A

Therapeutic Effect

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18
Q

-Usually, drug binds to receptor sites on cells

A

Cause of therapeutic effect

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19
Q

examples of therapeutic effect

A

Pain relief, blood pressure control, reduced inflammation

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20
Q

examples of side effect

A

Nausea, headache, insomnia, dry mouth

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21
Q

Related to the chemical and therapeutic characteristics

A

causes of side effect

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22
Q

Effect other than the desired

A

Side effect

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23
Q

Poisonous, potentially lethal

A

Toxic effect

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24
Q

Inadequate excretion, impaired metabolism, overdose, or drug sensitivity

A

cause of toxic effect

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25
Q

examples of toxic effect

A

Respiratory depression, kidney failure

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26
Q

examples of Idiosyncratic effect

A

Sedative causes anxiety; appetite suppressant increases appetite; mild stimulant causes extreme excitation

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27
Q

cause of Idiosyncratic effect

A

Unknown, unique to individuals

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28
Q

Overreaction, underreaction, unusual reaction

A

Idiosyncratic effect

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29
Q

Characteristic response to an allergen

A

allergic response

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30
Q

cause of allergic response

A

Previous sensitization to an initial dose of the medication or one of its components

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31
Q

examples of allergic response

A

Hives, asthma attack, bronchospasm

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32
Q

examples of synergistic effect

A

Combination of hypertension medication and diuretic drug causes weakness and fainting

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33
Q

cause of synergistic effect

A

Chemical or physiological drug interaction

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34
Q

Responses to combined drugs that differ from their individual effects

A

Synergistic effect

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35
Q

useful effect

A

medication

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36
Q

to prevent disease, treatment of some kind

A

drug

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37
Q

Specific drugs that treats a toxic effect is called an

A

antidote.

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38
Q

reaction occurs when a patient overreacts or underreacts to a drug or has an unusual reaction.

A

idiosyncratic

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39
Q

reaction occurs when a patient has been sensitized to the initial dose of a medication and developed an allergic reaction to the allergen and related drugs.

A

allergic

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40
Q

-Termed antihistamines
-Diphenhydramine hydrochloride (Benadryl) is more commonly used in imaging.
-Epinephrine (adrenaline) is administered for severe reactions

A

Medications Used to Treat Allergic Reactions

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41
Q

-Category includes antiseptics, such as Betadine.
-Antibiotics are also in this category.
-used to disinfect

A

Antimicrobials

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42
Q

Used to control or prevent seizures

A

Anticonvulsants

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43
Q

Used to treat chronic cardiac arrhythmias

A

Antiarrhythmics

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44
Q

-Relieve pain without causing a loss of consciousness
-Range from controlled narcotics to over-the-counter (OTC) medications, such as ibuprofen and aspirin

A

Analgesics

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45
Q

Exert a quieting effect, often inducing sleep.

A

Sedatives and tranquilizers

46
Q

Used to counteract the effects of other drugs, such as sedatives and analgesics

A

Antagonists

47
Q

Used to eliminate sensation in a specific area before a painful procedure

A

Local anesthetics

48
Q

May be administered for insertion of an endotracheal airway or to combative patients to facilitate diagnosis and treatment

A

Paralytic agents

49
Q

Control the level of glucose in the blood, primarily as a treatment for diabetes mellitus

A

Hypoglycemic agents

50
Q

Drugs used to reduce blood pressure.

A

Antihypertensives

51
Q

example of anticonvulsant

A

Diazepam (valium)

52
Q

what reduces anxiety better

A

Tranquilizers reduce anxiety better than sedatives.

53
Q

examples of Sedatives and Tranquilizers

A

Examples—lorazepam (Ativan) and diazepam (Valium)

54
Q

examples of antagonists

A

Examples—flumazenil (Romazicon) and naloxone (Narcan)

55
Q

example of local anesthetics

A

Example—lidocaine (Xylocaine)

56
Q

what is type I usually treated with

A

Type I is usually treated with insulin.

57
Q

what is type II usually treated with

A

Type II may be treated with metformin (Glucophage), a sulfonylurea (Amaryl or Glucotrol), tolbutamide (Orinase), chlorpropamide (Diabinase), or rosiglitazone (Avandia).

58
Q

two principle types of Antihypertensives

A

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

Beta blockers

59
Q

are substances prescribed for treatment that produce therapeutically useful effects.

A

Medications

60
Q

the more general term, denotes substances used in diagnosis, treatment, or disease prevention, or as a component of a medication.

A

drugs

61
Q

name that identifies its chemical family

A

generic

62
Q

potential for harm

A

toxicity

63
Q

injected to eliminate sensation in a specific area before a painful procedure

A

anesthetic

64
Q

is the study of the way the body processes a drug and includes how drugs are absorbed, reach their site of action, are metabolized (physically and chemically changed), and exit the body.

A

Pharmacokinetics

65
Q

physically and chemically changed

A

metabolized

66
Q

is a process involving the movement of a drug from the site of administration into the systemic circulation to produce a desired effect

A

absorption

67
Q

products of metabolism) that can be excreted via the intestinal tract or the kidneys.

A

metabolites

68
Q

refers to the elimination of drugs from the body after they have been metabolized.

A

excretion

69
Q

is the study of the effects of drugs on the normal physiological functions of the body

A

Pharmacodynamics

70
Q

poisonous

A

toxic

71
Q

A drug that produces this type of specific action and promotes the desired result is referred to as an

A

Agonist

72
Q

A drug that attaches itself to the receptor, preventing the agonist from acting, is called an

A

antagonist

73
Q

The specific drug that treats a toxic effect is called an

A

Antidote

74
Q

reaction occurs when a patient overreacts or underreacts to a drug or has an unusual reaction.

A

idiosyncratic

75
Q

reaction occurs when a patient has been sensitized to the initial dose of a medication and develops an allergic response to the allergen (substance to which a sensitivity has been established) and related drugs.

A

allergic reaction

76
Q

substance to which a sensitivity has been established

A

allergen

77
Q

additive) effect that may go far beyond the desired outcome.

A

synergistic

78
Q

are drugs that can relieve pain without causing a loss of consciousness. As a group, opioids are the most effective analgesics.

A

Analgesics

79
Q

describes any drug, natural or synthetic, that acts similarly to morphine

A

opioid

80
Q

is the more specific term applied only to natural opium derivatives.

A

opiate

81
Q

“sleep-inducing” and was once used as a synonym for analgesic, but this word can no longer be used with precision because it has come to stand for too many different things.

A

narcotic

82
Q

exert a quieting effect, often inducing sleep. They are not analgesics but may provide relief from pain by promoting muscle relaxation.

A

Sedatives and tranquilizers

83
Q

powerful

A

potent

84
Q

list medications for arrhythmias

A

*adenocard
*cordarone
*isoptin
*pronestyl
*xylocaine

85
Q

medications for allergic reaction

A

decadron and benadryl

86
Q

blood thinners

A

-Anticoagulants
*heaprin
*coumadin
*warfarin

87
Q

what med is used for colon spasm

A

glucogon

88
Q

what med is used for chest pain

A

nitro

89
Q

what med is used for hyper insulin

A

glucophage metforman

90
Q

angina

A

chest pain
administer med sublinqual (under tongue)

91
Q

medication for seizures

A

dilantin

92
Q

medication for bradychardia

A

atropine

93
Q

med for shock, hypotension

A

dobutrex

94
Q

medications for shock

A

intropin and levophed

95
Q

med for edema

A

lasix

96
Q

med for cardiac arrest, anaphylaxis

A

epinephrine

97
Q

med for metabolic acidosis

A

sodium bicarbonate

98
Q

med for laxatives

A

cathartics

99
Q

med for angina

A

nitroglycerine

100
Q

what is a trade name for diphenhydramine

A

benedryl

101
Q

epinephrine is the generic name what is the trade name

A

adrenaline

102
Q

what is the generic drug for acetylsaliclic acid

A

aspirin

103
Q

what ways could benedryl be administered

A

orally, IM, IV

104
Q

what are the ways epinephrine can be adminsitered

A

SQ, IM, IV

105
Q

edema

A

swelling

106
Q

what ways are diazepam adminsitered

A

IV or IM

107
Q

patients receiving opoids should be monitored for resp. depression . what monitoring equipment would you use

A

pulse oximeter

108
Q

trade name for diazepam

A

valium

109
Q

how can narcan be administered

A

SC or IM
or dilute and give IV

110
Q

examples of benzos

A

ativan, valium, versed

Patient Care II (6 decks)

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