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Bio 30 - Genetics Unit C > Chapter 16 - Cellular Reproduction > Flashcards

Chapter 16 - Cellular Reproduction Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Chromosome

A

When chromatin is tightly condensed, we call it a chromosome.

  • visible under microscope
  • not read easily
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2
Q

What is Chromatin?

A

Made up of DNA and proteins. The DNA is wrapped around proteins called histones.

  • It’s uncondensed, and can be read easily.
  • not visible under microscope.
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3
Q

Histones

A

Dna is wound around proteins called histones.

Resemble: “beads on a string”

  • packaging of DNA
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4
Q

Nucleosomes

A

Groups of histones

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5
Q

Heredity

A

Traits are passed from parent to offspring.

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6
Q

How many chromosomes do humans have in one cell?

A

46

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7
Q

Chromatid

A

Each half of a duplicated chromosome is called a chromatid.

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8
Q

Sister chromatids

A

Identical strands connected by a centromere

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9
Q

Non-sister chromatids

A

Not attached by a centromere, not identical.

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10
Q

Centromere

A

Connects sister chromatids

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11
Q

When do we get a chromatin?

A

During interphase

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12
Q

When do we get a chromosome?

A

When a cell is dividing.

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13
Q

Rule for counting chromosomes:

A

Chromosomes are counted by counting centromeres.

  • one centromere = one chromosome.
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14
Q

Rule for counting chromosomes:

A

Chromosomes are counted by counting centromeres.

  • one centromere = one chromosome.
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15
Q

Homologous chromosomes

A

Similar-looking chromosomes that carry the same genes. Not identical because they carry different alleles.

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16
Q

Autosomes

A

All of the chromosomes except the sex chromosomes.

  • chromosome pairs 1-22 = autosomes.
17
Q

Sex chromosomes

A

Determine the sex of an individual (X and Y chromosomes)

18
Q

Female

A

Two X chromosomes

19
Q

Male

A

One X, one Y

20
Q

Cell Cycle

A

The cell cycle is the sequence of activities that occurs from one cell division to the next.

21
Q

Stages of cell cycle

A

The cell cycle is made up of two main stages: a growth stage and a division stage.

22
Q

Growth Stage (Interphase) phases

A
  1. G1
  2. S
  3. G2
23
Q

Where is most of the somatic cell’s life spent?

A

Interphase

24
Q

G1 Phase

A
  • the cell grows quickly during this phase
  • most of cell’s life
  • cells grows and carries out normal functions
25
Q

G0 Phase

A

No more cell division. ex.) neurons

26
Q

S Phase

A

Cell replicates DNA in preparation for mitosis.

27
Q

G2 Phase

A

Cell prepares materials for mitosis and cell replication
- growth
- proteins are made

28
Q

Cell Division

A

Two main processes in cell division:
1. Mitosis
2. Cytokinesis

Bio 30 - Genetics Unit C (10 decks)

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