17.3 - Genetics and Society.

Question 1

Pedigree

Answer 1

Family trees that are used to trace the inheritance of human genes.

Question 2

Autosomal Dominant

Answer 2

• mutation is dominant. Normal is recessive.
• all affected individuals have at least one affected parent.
• males/females are affected equally and can transmit the trait.

Question 3

Autosomal Recessive

Answer 3

• Mutation is recessive. N = normal, n = mutation.
• affected individuals could have unaffected (carrier) parents.
• when both parents are affected all offspring are affected.
• males/females affected in equal numbers.
• trait often skips a generation (or many).

Question 4

X-Linked Recessive

Answer 4

• abnormality is recessive. X^N = normal, X^n = abnormality.
• MANY more MALES than females are affected.
• father to son inheritance is NEVER observed.
• half the sons of carrier mothers are affected.

Question 5

X-Linked Dominant

Answer 5

• abnormality is dominant.
• mothers pass their X’s to BOTH sons and daughters.
• fathers pass their X to DAUGHTERS ONLY.

Question 6

Y-Linked

Answer 6

• traits on the y-chromosome are ONLY found in males.
• the father’s traits are passed to all sons.
• only males affected.

Question 7

Mitochondrial DNA

Answer 7

• always inherited from mother only.
• mother affected = all children affected.