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HIST 122, Mod Amer: Rcnst to Globl Power > Chapter 16: America's Gilded Age > Flashcards

Chapter 16: America's Gilded Age Flashcards

1
Q

The Statue of Liberty was a gift from whom?

A

the french

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2
Q

Who was the supervisor of the Statue of Liberty?

A

Gustaf EIffel

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3
Q

Who was the sculptor of the Statue of Liberty?

A

August Bartholdi

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4
Q

How did the Statue of Liberty get to the New York Harbor?

A

was shipped disassembled in hundreds of boats

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5
Q

Who wrote “The New Colossus?”

A

Emma Lazarus

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6
Q

What primary factors stimulated the unprecedented industrial and agricultural growth in the late 19th century?

A
  • natural resources
  • water
  • minerals
  • expanding population
  • new machinery
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7
Q

What were the four main transcontinental railroads?

A
  • central pacific
  • union pacific
  • southern pacific
  • northern pacific
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8
Q

What was the Pacific Railway Act?

A

the government gave 5 sq. miles of land per each mile of track

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9
Q

What were homesteaders?

A
  • basically squatters
  • stole the land granted from the Pacific Railway Act
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10
Q

What was the most important invention?

A

telephone

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11
Q

Who provided the labor force?

A

immigrants

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12
Q

What was a robber baron?

A

a person that became rich through sketchy business practices

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13
Q

What was the first big business?

A

railroads

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14
Q

How did Cornelius Vanderbilt originally make his money?

A

steamships

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15
Q

Who/What established time zones?

A

railroads

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16
Q

What was the Bessemer process?

A

removal of impurities from iron by oxidation with air being blown through the molten iron

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17
Q

Where was oil first discovered?

A

Titusville, Pennsylvania

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18
Q

Who invented the telephone?

A

Alexander Graham Bell

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19
Q

Who invented the electric light bulb?

A

Thomas Edison

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20
Q

Whose name is associated with oil?

A

John D. Rockefeller

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21
Q

Whose name is associated with steel?

A

Andrew Carnegie

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22
Q

Who was the steel industry sold to?

A

J. P. Morgan

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23
Q

How did technology reach the rural population?

A

Mail-Order Catalogs

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24
Q

What book was widely read, second only to the Bible?

A

Mail-Order Catalogs

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25
Q

The West was settled thanks to ________.

A

the homestead act

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26
Q

Who made the most money from the mines?

A

corporations/monopolies

27
Q

What was the Homestead Act of 1862?

A

government gave 160 acres of land to anyone that wanted to farm

28
Q

What was the Timber Culture Act?

A

government gave 320 acres to anyone if they planted 80 acres worth of trees on it

29
Q

What was the Timber and Stone Act?

A
  • forested land for $2.50/acre
  • bought by lumbar companies even though that wasn’t the purpose of it
30
Q

Where was the breadbasket of America?

A

Kansas, Nebraska, Iowa, Illinois, Minnesota, the Dakotas

31
Q

What was the Desert Land Act?

A

640 acres for $1.25/acre if they irrigated the land within 3 years

32
Q

Who was Joseph Glidden?

A

invented barbed wire

33
Q

Who was hurt by barbed wire?

A

cattle :(

34
Q

What was the way of life for Indians living on the High Plains?

A
  • buffalo used for hides, meat, and waste material
  • horses used to chase enemies and buffalo
35
Q

Who was Thomas Fitzpatrick? What did he do for the Indians?

A
  • separated hunting grounds and created a divide and conquer concentration policy
  • Fort Laramie Treaty allowed white settlers and road crews to go through
36
Q

What two reservations were decided on for the Native Americans?

A

South Dakota and Oklahoma

37
Q

Who oversaw Indian Affairs?

A

Department of Interior

38
Q

What was discovered in 1874 in South Dakota?

A

Gold–Black Hill

39
Q

What happened at Little Big Horn?

A

26 soldiers vs. 2500 Sioux
massacred

40
Q

What was the Battle of Wounded Knee?

A
  • whites thought Natives were on the war path and forbid the ghost dance
  • Natives did it anyways
  • a rifle went off
  • 200 Natives and 20some soldiers were killed
41
Q

What was the most single destructive act against the Natives? Why?

A
  • decrease in buffalo population
  • white men killed them for sport and to feed the men building the railroads
  • the more buffalo they killed, the more Natives that died
42
Q

What was the Dawes Severalty Act?

A

it split up tribal lands and granted citizenship to Natives when they could live a civilized lifestyle apart from the tribe

43
Q

What was the Civilization Fund Act?

A

it sent children to boarding schools to introduce them to the “habits of civilization.” they had to abandon their traditional languages, cultures, and anything else associated with Native life and if they didn’t, they were physically punished. they had limited to no contact with family and food and medicine were scarece

44
Q

What were ward/city bosses? What did they do? How were they in control and how were they compensated?

A

cities were divided into wards and there was a ward boss per ward and one boss overall. they provided immigrants with food, jobs, clothing, and entertainment. all they wanted in return was that the immigrants voted for the politicians they wanted in office. the politicians awarded the bosses with kickbacks and rebates

45
Q

Who was Lemonade Lucy?

A

President Hayes’ wife that never served alcohol in the White House

46
Q

Who succeeded President Hayes?

A

James Garfield

47
Q

What reform did Hayes’ successor take on?

A

civil service reform

48
Q

Who was Charles Giteau?

A
  • wanted a diplomatic position
  • said it was a calling from God
  • visited the White House every day to plead his case
  • once he realized he was being ignored, he shot the president twice on July 2. 1881
49
Q

Who succeeded President Garfield?

A

Chester Arthur

50
Q

What was the Pendleton Act?

A

civil service commission that administered tests for government positions

51
Q

Who were the most powerful men in the US in the 1880s?

A

businessmen

52
Q

What was the Interstate Commerce Act?

A
  • rebate and kickbacks were illegal
  • rates had to be published and couldn’t be changed without notification
  • interstate commerce commission had a regulatory board
53
Q

What was the Sherman Anti-Trust Act?

A

broke up monopolies

54
Q

Who wrote the “Origin of the Species?” What social stratification was derived from the book?

A
  • Charles Darwin
  • Social Darwinism
55
Q

How did Social Darwinism relate to business competition?

A

strongest rose to the top

56
Q

Who were the Molly Maguires?

A

Irish labor union from mines in Pennsylvania

57
Q

Who were the Knights of Labor?

A

labor union that strove for 8 hr days

58
Q

What was the Haymarket Square incident?

A

Strike from McCormick Harvesting Machine Company workers went on strike and a striker was killed. There was a protest meeting in which a bomb killed demonstrators and policemen

59
Q

What replaced the Knights of Labor?

A

American Federation of Labor

60
Q

Who was Samuel Gompers? What was he concerned with?

A
  • Founded American Federation of Labor
  • Wanted people to focus on bread-and-butter issues (8hr day, safety, wages)
61
Q

Describe the relationship between employers and their workers.

A

employers didn’t care about their workers and unionists were considered disloyal

62
Q

What was the most important strike?

A

Pullman Palace Car Factory in Chicago

63
Q

Who was Eugene Debs?

A

ran for president for the socialist party; lost

HIST 122, Mod Amer: Rcnst to Globl Power (6 decks)

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