Chapter 15: What is Freedom? Flashcards
Who succeeded Abraham Lincoln as President?
Andrew Johnson
Who was the only Confederate executed after the Civil War?
Major Wirz
What were the desires of the Radical Republicans under Charles Sumner after the Civil War?
- punish the south because they were responsible for the war
- give black people full citizenship and the right to vote
What were Johnson’s actions regarding the south and the southern states’ re-entry into the Union?
- delivered a general amnesty if they provided an oath of loyalty
- BUT no wealthy Confederate could get it (worth more than $20,000 their time)
- wanted no protection for black people (no citizenship, no right to vote)
What was the 13th Amendment? How would it change the make-up of Congress?
- abolished slavery and made 3/5 compromise null and void
- republicans didn’t want to share power and didn’t like the representatives from the south
Why didn’t republicans like whom southerners were electing as congressional representatives and senators?
because they were recently loyal to the confederacy
What were the black codes?
designed to keep black people in bondage
- could not bear arms
- domestic/farming employment only
- legal contracts
- children forced into apprenticeships
- weren’t allowed to congregate
What was the Civil Rights Act of 1865?
- black people were US citizens
- no state could restrict rights
Which bill was the first to ever become law over the veto of a President?
Civil Rights Act of 1865
What was the 14th Amendment?
- defined citizenship as all person born or naturalized in the US
- no state could deprive a black man the right to vote or they would have representation reduced
- confederate officials had to be pardoned by a 2/3 congressional vote before holding office
- radical and revolutionary
What was the 1st Reconstruction Act of 1867?
- 11 southern states were divided into 5 military districts with each controlled by a Union general to protect the rights of all
- new state constitutions guaranteeing the right to vote
What were the 2nd and 3rd Reconstruction Acts?
2nd: required governors to register voters
3rd: instructed governors on how to register voters
What were the first and last states to be readmitted into the Union and when?
1st: Arkansas, June 1868
Last: Georgia, 1870
Why did Congress decide to impeach President Johnson?
- Johnson dismissed Secretary of War, Stanton, and replaced him with Grant
- Congress said it was illegal even though they had approved
- Acquitted May 16, 1868
Who succeeded President Johnson?
Ulysses S. Grant
What did Johnson do after his Presidency?
he was elected to senate
What was the 15th Amendment and when did it become part of the Constitution?
- forbade states to deny any many the right to vote
- March 1870
What were Scalawags?
white southerners that cooperated with republicans; viewed as being sell outs
What were carpetbaggers?
mostly whites that moved from the north to the south; some for personal gain, but most for altruism
What economic problems did the south have?
- property values collapsed
- planters were destitute/homeless
- confederate money was worthless
- railroads were destroyed and damaged
- cotton was used to pay off debts
- freed black people meant the human labor was wiped out
What was sharecropping?
- owners gave land, seed, tools, housing, and horses to black people
- they shared crops and earning to pay the owner back
What was the crop-lien system?
- owners took out a loan to set up share-cropping
- used earning to pay back banks
What was an example of a white supremacist organization?
Ku Klux Klan
Besides Reconstruction, what other issues was the nation dealing with?
- railroads
- stock market
- green backs
- tariff
Who/What did President Grant declare war on?
Terrorism
Who succeeded President Grant?
Rutherford B. Hayes
What was the symbolic end to Reconstruction?
the rights given to black people
