Chapter 15: What is Freedom?

Question 1

Who succeeded Abraham Lincoln as President?

Answer 1

Andrew Johnson

Question 2

Who was the only Confederate executed after the Civil War?

Answer 2

Major Wirz

Question 3

What were the desires of the Radical Republicans under Charles Sumner after the Civil War?

Answer 3

• punish the south because they were responsible for the war
• give black people full citizenship and the right to vote

Question 4

What were Johnson’s actions regarding the south and the southern states’ re-entry into the Union?

Answer 4

• delivered a general amnesty if they provided an oath of loyalty
• BUT no wealthy Confederate could get it (worth more than $20,000 their time)
• wanted no protection for black people (no citizenship, no right to vote)

Question 5

What was the 13th Amendment? How would it change the make-up of Congress?

Answer 5

• abolished slavery and made 3/5 compromise null and void
• republicans didn’t want to share power and didn’t like the representatives from the south

Question 6

Why didn’t republicans like whom southerners were electing as congressional representatives and senators?

Answer 6

because they were recently loyal to the confederacy

Question 7

What were the black codes?

Answer 7

designed to keep black people in bondage
- could not bear arms
- domestic/farming employment only
- legal contracts
- children forced into apprenticeships
- weren’t allowed to congregate

Question 8

What was the Civil Rights Act of 1865?

Answer 8

• black people were US citizens
• no state could restrict rights

Question 9

Which bill was the first to ever become law over the veto of a President?

Answer 9

Civil Rights Act of 1865

Question 10

What was the 14th Amendment?

Answer 10

• defined citizenship as all person born or naturalized in the US
• no state could deprive a black man the right to vote or they would have representation reduced
• confederate officials had to be pardoned by a 2/3 congressional vote before holding office
• radical and revolutionary

Question 11

What was the 1st Reconstruction Act of 1867?

Answer 11

• 11 southern states were divided into 5 military districts with each controlled by a Union general to protect the rights of all
• new state constitutions guaranteeing the right to vote

Question 12

What were the 2nd and 3rd Reconstruction Acts?

Answer 12

2nd: required governors to register voters
3rd: instructed governors on how to register voters

Question 13

What were the first and last states to be readmitted into the Union and when?

Answer 13

1st: Arkansas, June 1868
Last: Georgia, 1870

Question 14

Why did Congress decide to impeach President Johnson?

Answer 14

• Johnson dismissed Secretary of War, Stanton, and replaced him with Grant
• Congress said it was illegal even though they had approved
• Acquitted May 16, 1868

Question 15

Who succeeded President Johnson?

Answer 15

Ulysses S. Grant

Question 16

What did Johnson do after his Presidency?

Answer 16

he was elected to senate

Question 17

What was the 15th Amendment and when did it become part of the Constitution?

Answer 17

• forbade states to deny any many the right to vote
• March 1870

Question 18

What were Scalawags?

Answer 18

white southerners that cooperated with republicans; viewed as being sell outs

Question 19

What were carpetbaggers?

Answer 19

mostly whites that moved from the north to the south; some for personal gain, but most for altruism

Question 20

What economic problems did the south have?

Answer 20

• property values collapsed
• planters were destitute/homeless
• confederate money was worthless
• railroads were destroyed and damaged
• cotton was used to pay off debts
• freed black people meant the human labor was wiped out

Question 21

What was sharecropping?

Answer 21

• owners gave land, seed, tools, housing, and horses to black people
• they shared crops and earning to pay the owner back

Question 22

What was the crop-lien system?

Answer 22

• owners took out a loan to set up share-cropping
• used earning to pay back banks

Question 23

What was an example of a white supremacist organization?

Answer 23

Ku Klux Klan

Question 24

Besides Reconstruction, what other issues was the nation dealing with?

Answer 24

• railroads
• stock market
• green backs
• tariff

Question 25

Who/What did President Grant declare war on?

Answer 25

Terrorism

Question 26

Who succeeded President Grant?

Answer 26

Rutherford B. Hayes

Question 27

What was the symbolic end to Reconstruction?

Answer 27

the rights given to black people