Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biology 101 and 102 > Chapter 16 > Flashcards

Chapter 16 Flashcards

1
Q

pathogens

A

disease-causing agents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

cocci (singular coccus)

A

sperical prokaryotic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

bacilli (singular, bacillus)

A

Rod-shaped prokaryotes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Archaea and Bacteria

A

The two domains of prokaryotes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

streptococci

A

Cocci that occur in chains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

staphylococci

A

Cocci that occur in clusters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

spirilla

A

Spiral prokaryotes that are relatively short and rigid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

spirochete

A

Spiral prokaryotes that that have longer, more flexible cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Gram stain

A

A technique that scientists use to identify bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

peptidoglycan

A

A polymer of sugars cross-linked by short polypeptides. Part of bacteria cell walls.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

fimbriae

A

Hairlike projections that enable some prokaryotes to stick to a surface or to one another.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

plasmids

A

Small, circular molecules of DNA that replicate independently of the chromosome.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

endospore

A

The inner cell of some prokaryotes which has a thick, protective coat, dehydrates, and beomes dormant.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

autotrophs

A

Organisms that obtain their carbon atoms from carbon dioxide.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

heterotrophs

A

Organisms that obtain their carbon atoms from the organic compounds of other organisms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Photoautotrophs

A

Organisms that harness sunlight for energy and use carbon dioxide for carbon.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Photoheterotrophs

A

Organisms that obtain energy from sunlight but get their carbon atoms from organic sources.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Chemoautotrophs

A

Organisms that harvest energy from inorganic chemicals and use carbon from carbon dioxide to make organic molecules.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Chemoheterotrophs

A

Organisms that acquire both energy and carbon from organic molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

biofilm

A

Highly organized colonies of prokaryotes that secrete signaling molecules to attract nearby cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Bioremediation

A

the use of organisms to remove pollutants from soil, air, or water.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Extreme halophiles

A

Archaea that thrive in very salty places.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Extreme thermophiles

A

Arachaea that thrive in very hot water.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Methanogens

A

Archaea that live in anaerobic environments and give off methane as a waste product.

25
Proteobacteria
Bacteria that are gram-negative and share a particular rRNA sequence.
26
Symbiosis
a close association between organisms of two or more species
27
Gram-positive bacteria
Bacteria that have a simple cell wall of peptidoglycan
28
Cyanobacteria
The only group of bacteria that go through photosynthesis
29
Chlamydias
Bacteria which live inside eukaryotic host cells
30
Spirochetes
Helical bacteria that spiral through their environment by means of rotating, internal filaments.
31
Exotoxins
Proteins that bacterial cells secrete into their environment
32
Endotoxins
Lipid components of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria that are released when the cell dies or is digested by a defensive cell.
33
protists
a diverse collection of mostly unicellular eukaryotes
34
algae
protists who are autotrophs
35
protozoans
protists who are heterotrophs
36
parasites
those who derive their nutrition from a living host, which is harmed by the interaction.
37
mixotrophs
protists who are capable of both photosynthesis and heterotrophy, depending on availability of light and nutrients
38
secondary endosymbiosis
The process in which an autotrophic eukaryotic protist became endosymbiotic in a heterotrophic eukaryotic protist.
39
chromalveolata
a large, extremely diverse group of of autotrophic, heterotrophic, and mixotrophic species. They are multicellular and unicellular.
40
diatoms
Unicellular, autotrophic algae that have a unique glassy cell wall containing silica. Part of chromalveolates.
41
dinoflagellates
a group of chromalveolates that includes unicellular autotrophs, heterotrophs and mixotrophs. They have blooms, population explosions.
42
Brown algae
Chromalveolates that are autotrophic, multicellular, and mostly marine.
43
kelp
brown algae that are anchored to the seafloor and may grow up to 60 m
44
water molds
heterotrophic unicellular chromalveolates that typically decompose dead plants and animals in freshwater habitats.
45
ciliates
chromalveolates that use cilia to move and to sweep food into their mouth. Includes heterotrophs and mixotrophs.
46
rhizaria
a clade of protists that is based on similarities in DNA
47
ameobas
rhizarians that move and feed by means of pseudopodia
48
psudopodia (singular, pseudopodium)
temporary extensions of the cell
49
foraminiferans
rhizaria that are found both in the ocean and in fresh water. They have porous shells called tests.
50
radiolarians
Rhizaria that produce a mineralized support structure made of silica
51
excavata
a group of protists that is classified by their excavated feeding grove.
52
unikonta
A group of protists that consists of the amoebozoans and a second clade that includes animals and fungi
53
plasmodial slime mold
Ameobozoans that are common where there is moist, decaying organic matter. They are often brightly pigmented.
54
Plasmodium
A single, multinucleate mass of cytoplasm undivided by plasma membranes. It is a unikont.
55
cellular slime molds
Organisms that are common on decaying organic matter. They usually exist as solitary amoeboid cells, but when food is scarce, the ameoboid cells swarm together. They are unikonts.
56
Archaeplastida
Protists that are autotrophic. Consist of green and red algae.
57
Red algae
Archaeplastida that are encrusted. The red pigment comes from an accessory pigment that masks the green of chlorophyll.
58
green algae
Archaeplastida that include unicellular and colonial species as well as multicellular seaweeds.

Biology 101 and 102 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions