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Fire Officer Principles and Practices > Chapter 16 > Flashcards

Chapter 16 Flashcards

1
Q

318

Rules of Engagement ROE origin

A

Evolved from the firefighter survival rules developed by Seattle fire department and international Association of fire Chiefs

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2
Q

319

Open structure

A

Structure that has windows or doors of sufficient size and number provide for proper ventilation and emergency evacuation.

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3
Q

319

enclosed structure

A

Structure that is lacking windows or doors of sufficient size to provide proper ventilation emergency evacuation.

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4
Q

319

In the US firefighter disorientation study when firefighters become disoriented?

A

After crew integrity was lost in zero visibility conditions, FFers moved away from the hose line. Disorientation occurred as firefighters exceeded their air supply, or caught in flashovers or backdrafts, or were trapped by collapsing floor roof.

3/4 were in enclosed structures

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5
Q

319

What may be inadequate about the top-down directives from incident command with little two-way discussion about options?

A

Firefighters and company officers are the members at the greatest risk of injury and death and often will be the first to identify unsafe conditions and practices. These members should be the ultimate decision-makers regarding whether it safe to proceed with the signed objectives.

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6
Q

320

What is the objective of ROE rule 1,

A

Size up your tactical area of operation

To cause company officer and firefighter to pause a moment and look over their area of operation, evaluate individual risk exposure, and determine if safe approach to complete assigned tactical objective.

Size up the fire, do a 360

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7
Q

320

ROE Rule 2.

A

Determine the Occupants Survival Profile

Objective: Cause company officer and firefighter to consider fire conditions in relation to possible occupant survival of a rescue event as part of the initial and ongoing individual risk assessment and action plan development

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8
Q

320

What is essential to determine in the size up process?

A

Whether any occupants are trapped and whether they can survive the current and projected fire conditions. Action Plan can not be accurately developed until this is answered.

If survival is not possible for the entire search, locate, and removal. A more cautious approach to fire operations must be taken. Fire control should be achieved before proceeding with primary and secondary search.

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9
Q

321
Medical assessments of Providence firefighters who had heart attacks while operating in structure fires revealed they all had high levels of ____ in the firefighters blood streams.

A

Cyanide, more dangerous to FFers than previously thought.

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10
Q

321

ROE Rule 3.

A

Do not risk your life for lives or property that cannot be saved

Objective: Prevent firefighters from engaging in high-risk search and rescue/ firefighting operations that may harm them when fire conditions prevent occupant survival and significant or total destruction of the building is inevitable.

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11
Q

322

ROE Rule 4.

A

Extend limited risk to protect savable property

Objective: To cause firefighters to limit risk exposure to a reasonable, cautious, and conservative level when trying to save the building.

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12
Q

322

Limited

A

Is defined as the point, edge, or line beyond which something cannot or may not proceed, confined or restricted within certain limits.

The key concept in this rule is savable. No building is worth the life of firefighter.

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13
Q

323

ROE Rule 5.

A

Extend Vigilance and Measured Risk to Protect and Rescue Savable lives

Objective: To cause firefighters to manage and search and rescue and support firefighting operations in a calculated, controlled, and safe manner, while remaining alert to changing conditions, during high risk primary search and rescue operation where lives can be saved.

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14
Q

324

ROE Rule 6.

A

Go in Together, Stay Together, Come out Together

Objective: Ensure that firefighters always enter a burning building as a team of two or more and no fire fighters are allowed to be alone at any time while entering, operating in, or exiting the building.

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15
Q

324
What are the situations when a firefighter is alone in a burning structure, according to the NIOH – firefighter fatality investigation reports?

A

After getting separated from partners or crew
freelancing
entering the structure alone
leaving partner/crew to exit alone when low on air

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16
Q

324

Is a critical element for firefighter survival?

A

Crew integrity, staying together as a team of two or more.

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17
Q

324

What does staying in contact mean?

A

Voice, touch, or visual observation while in a hazard zone

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18
Q

324
If a firefighter become separated and can’t get reconnected with crew, the firefighter must immediately get on the radio and attempt to communicate with officer/crew. At what point does this escalate to a Mayday?

A

If reconnection is not accomplished after three radio attempts or reconnection does not take place within one minute a Mayday should be declared.

three attempts : one minute

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19
Q

324

As part of the Mayday declaration the firefighter must next do what?

A

Firefighter must next activate the radio’s emergency alert button, then manually turn on the pass alarm.

20
Q

326

ROE Rule 7.

A

Maintain Continuous Awareness of Your Air Supply, Situation Location and Fire Conditions

Objective: All firefighters and company officers maintain constant situational awareness of their SCBA air supply and their location in the building, as well as what’s happening in the area of operations and elsewhere on the fire around that may affect their risk and safety.

21
Q

326

Before entering a burning building firefighters must always confirm they have ____.

A

Full bottle of air, then stay constantly aware of air supply

22
Q

326

Standard for fire service respiratory protection training

A

NFPA 1404

23
Q

326

Standard on fire Department occupational safety and health program

A

NFPA 1500

24
Q

326
What SCBA cylinder reading should prompt a firefighter to exit a burning structure?

What NFPA standard is that based on?

A

600 L

NFPA 1500

25
Q

326
Firefighters must frequently check the air supply on the fire involves structure. What are the major bench points for checking air supply

A
  1. Before entry
  2. After going up or down stairs
  3. Before entering and searching the room
  4. After exiting the room
  5. Before and after doing labor demanding task
26
Q

326

Laborious task can reduce the minute rating of SCBA by what factor?

A

by half

27
Q

327

What should the company officer included as part progress reports to the incident commander or division supervisor?

A

FO should include the lowest air supply status

28
Q

327

Air status report provide what benefit to command and individual companies?

A

Improve logistical commitment of crews, the incident commander will have early awareness of approaching need for fresh crews. Incident command can call first cruise up from staging and conduct the transition at operating position, instead of at the exit.

29
Q

327

National near miss reporting system list ___ is the most common reported cause of life-threatening near miss event.

A

Situational awareness

30
Q

327

Situational awareness

A

The level of understanding and attentiveness one has regarding the reality of a set of conditions.

Situational awareness is the relationship between what one perceives is happening and what is really happening.

31
Q

327

ROE Rule 8.

A

Constantly Monitor Fire ground Communications for Critical Radio Report:

Objective: Firefighters and company officers to maintain constant awareness of all fire ground radio communications on their assigned channel for progress reports, critical messages, and other information that may affect their risk and safety.

Portable radios are the lifeline for firefighter survival

32
Q

327

ROE Rule 9.

A

You are Required to Report Unsafe Practices or Conditions That Can Harm You. Stop, Evacuate, and Decide

Objectives: To prevent company officers and firefighters from engaging in unsafe practices or exposure to unsafe conditions that can harm them and allow any member to raise an alert about a safety concern without penalty and mandate the supervisor address the question to ensure safe operations.

33
Q

327

Because of the significant risks faced by firefighters, it is the responsibility of the company officer to….

A

Minimize their exposure to unsafe conditions and to stop unsafe practices.

34
Q

327
____%Of errors on the fire ground happen when individuals fail to intervene in known or observed unsafe conditions. (NIOSH reports)

A

74%

35
Q

327

What was a significant problem in aviation when the captain held an iron grip on decision-making (Aviation)?

A

Captains occasionally flew the planes into the ground even when other crew members, including the copilot, knew something was wrong and tried to tell the pilot only to have their input rejected.

36
Q

327

Crew resource management CRM

A

Establish a two-way communication among members of the flight crew, thereby involving all them in the risk assessment and decision-making. Program resulted in dramatic reduction of fatal accidents caused by pilot error.

37
Q

329

What does raising a red flag mean in context of ROE Rule 9?

A

Allowing a red flag to be raised by any member means that the supervisor is mandated to accept that concern and take a few seconds to assess it, then decide “Go or NO-GO”

38
Q

330

ROE Rule 10.

A

You Are Required to Abandon Your Position and Retreat Before Deteriorating Conditions Can Harm You

Objective: To cause firefighters and company officers to be aware of fire conditions and exit early to a safe area when they are exposed to deteriorating conditions, unacceptable risk or life-threatening situation.

39
Q

330
Withdrawal from a life-threatening position must occur early enough to allow safe exit from the building. What should firefighters understand about making that emergency exit?

A

Firefighter should understand that an emergency exit from the building often takes longer than it took to get into the interior position, conditions will be worse.

A radio report to the incident commander about abandoning position should be made as soon as possible but only when safe to do so.

40
Q

330
There is a cultural among firefighters some who have a willingness to take overwhelming heat or flame causing frequently melted or heat damage personal protective equipment, possibly even having recent burns. How should supervisors and the fire department view this behavior?

A

Where this behavior exists the fire department management team must intervene and eliminate this unsafe behavior.

41
Q

330

ROE Rule 11.

A

Declare Mayday as Soon as You Think You Are in Danger:

Objective: To ensure the firefighter is comfortable with, and there is no delay in, declaring a Mayday when a fire fires faced with a life-threatening situation, and to ensure that the Mayday is declared as soon as the fire fire thanks he/she is in trouble.

42
Q

330

Why is ROE 11, firefighters declare Mayday is soon as they think they are in danger important?

A

There is a very narrow window survivability when a fire fighter gets in trouble with a life-threatening situation. In such a scenario, an early Mayday must be declared.

43
Q

331

Once once a firefighter calls a Mayday what information should be related to command?

A

Firefighters name, company, location, air supply, and situation. Along with any other critical information that will aid rescuers and locating them quickly.

When declaring a Mayday, the firefighter should activate the portable radios emergency alert button and manually activate the PASS.

44
Q

331

Mayday versus Emergency Traffic

A

Mayday is a term reserved for situation where firefighters experiencing life-threatening emergency.

Emergency Traffic should be utilized for other emergencies on the fire ground, such as evacuating a building, live wires down or discovery of hazardous situation.

45
Q

331
There’s a common link in firefighters delaying to declare a Mayday and military pilots delaying to eject from crippled aircraft, According to Richard Leland, Pres. of the national aerospace training and research Center.

What are the 10 reasons for failure or delayed ejection that must be addressed in ejection training?

A
  1. Temporal distortion, time warp
  2. Reluctance to relinquish control of situation
  3. Channeled attention, continuing action significant info not perceived.
  4. Loss of situational awareness
  5. Fear of the unknown, reluctance to leave cockpit
  6. Fear of retribution
  7. Lack of procedural knowledge
  8. Attempting to fix the problem
  9. Pride
  10. Denial

Fire Officer Principles and Practices (19 decks)

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