Chapter 16

Question 1

Anti-anxiety drugs

Answer 1

Drugs that are used primarily for alleviating anxiety

Question 2

Antidepressant drugs

Answer 2

Drugs that are used primarily to elevate mood and relieve depression. Often also used in the treatment of certain anxiety disorders, bulimia, and certain personality disorders

Question 3

Antipsychotic drugs

Answer 3

Medications that alleviate or diminish the intensity of psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations or delusions

Question 4

Behavior therapy

Answer 4

Use of therapeutic procedures based primarily of principles of classical and operant conditioning

Question 5

Behavioral activation

Answer 5

Treatment for depression in which the patient and the therapist work together to help the patient find ways to become more active and engaged with life

Question 6

client-centered therapy

Answer 6

Nondirective approach to psychotherapy, developed chiefly by Carl Rogers, that focuses on the natural power of the organism to heal itself; a key goal is to help clients accept and be themselves

Question 7

cognitive/cognitive-behavioral

Answer 7

Therapy based on altering dysfunctional thoughts and cognitive distortions

Question 8

counter-transference

Answer 8

Psychodynamic concept that the therapist brings personal issues, based on his or her own vulnerabilities and conflicts, to the therapeutic relationship

Question 9

couple therapy

Answer 9

Treatment for disordered interpersonal relationships involving sessions with both members of the relationship present and emphasizing mutual need gratification, social role expectations, communication patterns, and similar interpersonal factors

Question 10

double-blind

Answer 10

Situation in which a person will be disapproved for performing a given act and equally disapproved if he or she does not perform it

Question 11

efficacy

Answer 11

In a situation where treatment is tested under ideal conditions (usually in a controlled clinical trail), efficacy is how well a given treatment improves clinical outcome compared to a control or comparison condition

Question 12

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Answer 12

Use of electricity to produce convulsions and unconsicousness; a treatment used primarily to alleviate depressive and manic episodes

Question 13

Evidence-based treatment

Answer 13

Treatment that has been demonstrated to be superior to a standard comparison treatment or to placebo in a randomized controlled trial

Question 14

Family therapy

Answer 14

A treatment approach that includes all family members, not just the identified patient

Question 15

Flooding

Answer 15

Anxiety-eliciting therapeutic technique involving having a client repeatedly experience the actual internal or external stimuli that had been indentified as producing axiety reactions

Question 16

free association

Answer 16

Method for probing the unconscious by having patients talking freely about themselves, their feelings, and their motives

Question 17

gestalt therapy

Answer 17

Therapy designed to increase the integration of thoughts, feelings, and actions and to promote self-awareness and self-acceptance

Question 18

Imaginal exposure

Answer 18

Form of exposure therapy that does not involve a real stimulus. Instead, the patient is asked to imagine the feared stimulus or situation

Question 19

in vivo exposure

Answer 19

Exposure that takes place in a real-life situation as pposed to in a therapeutic or laboratory setting.

Question 20

integrative behavioral couple therapy

Answer 20

Modification of traditional behavioral couple therapy that has a focus on acceptance of the partner rather than being solely change oriented.

Question 21

latent content

Answer 21

In psychoanalytic theory, repressed actual motives of a dream that are seeking expression but are so painful or unacceptable that they are disguised by the manifest content of the dream

Question 22

manifest content

Answer 22

In psychoanalytic theory, the apparent (or obvious) meaning of a dream; masks the latent (or hidden) content

Question 23

manualized therapy

Answer 23

Standardization of psychosocial treatments (as in development of a manual) to fit the randomized clinical paradigm.

Question 24

modeling

Answer 24

Learning of skills by imitating another person who performs the behavior to be acquired

Question 25

neurosurgery

Answer 25

Surgery on the nervous system, especially the brain

Question 26

placebo

Answer 26

An inert pill or otherwise neutral intervention that produces desirable therapeutic effects because of the subject’s expectations that it will be beneficial

Question 27

psychodynamic therapy

Answer 27

Psychological treatment that focuses on individual personality dynamics, usually from a psychodynamic or psychodynamically derived perspective

Question 28

psychopharmacology

Answer 28

Science of determining which drugs alleviate which disorders and why they do so

Question 29

psychotherapy

Answer 29

Treatment of mental disorders by psychological methods

Question 30

randomized clinical trails (rcts)

Answer 30

A clinical trial in which participants are randomly assigned to different treatments.

Question 31

rational emotive behavior therapy

Answer 31

Form of psychotherapy focusing on changing a client’s maladaptive thought processes, on which maladaptive emotional responses and thus behavior are presumed to depend

Question 32

resistance

Answer 32

Selye’s second stage of responding to continuing trauma, involving finding some means to deal with the trauma and adjust to it. In psychodynamic treatment, the person’s unwillingness or inability to talk about certain thoughts, motives, or experiences

Question 33

response sharing

Answer 33

Positive reinforcement technique used in therapy to establish, by gradual approximation, a response not initially in a person’s behavioral repertoire

Question 34

structural family therapy

Answer 34

Treatment of an entire family by analysis of interaction among family members

Question 35

systematic desensitization

Answer 35

Behavior therapy technique for extinguishing maladaptive anxiety responses by teaching a person to relax or behave, while in the presence of the anxiety-producing stimulus, in some other way that is consistent with anxiety.

Question 36

token economy

Answer 36

Reinforcement techniques often used in hospital or instituational settings in which patients are rewarded for socially constructive behaviors with tokens that can then be exchanged for desired objects or activities.

Question 37

traditional behavioral couple therapy

Answer 37

Widely used form of therapy that uses behavioral approaches to bring about changes in the marital relationship

Question 38

transference

Answer 38

In pyschodynamic therapy, a process whereby clients project onto the therapist attitudes and feelings that they have had for a parent or others close to them.