Chapter 16 Flashcards
KEY CONCEPT: DNA strand are not identical but _______
complementary
What are the two functions of DNA?
- DNA encodes proteins, and thereby traits
2. DNA must be copied
How does the cell synthesize the DNA?
- The two strands are seperated
2. Each strand is used as a template to build a new strand
KEY CONCEPT: Polynucleotides are built by __________ base-pairing
Polynucleotides are built by complementary base-pairing
KEY CONCEPT: DNA replication must be _________ and _______
DNA replication must be accurate and efficient
KEY CONCEPT: Like in cell division, one DNA becomes how many DNA?
One DNA becomes two DNA
Which model explains what happens to the old DNA during replication?
The semi-conservative model
The old DNA is still there but is split up between the daughter molecules. The old DNA chains are conserved independently from one another
What is the sequence of the other strand?
3’ - AGCATTTAAGC -5’
5’- TCGTAAATTCG- 3’
Each new DNA contains _____ old strand and ______ new strand
Each DNA contains one old strand and one new strand
Each old DNA strand serves as a what for a new DNA strand?
Template
Biological polymers are built how many monomers at a time?
Biological polymers are built one monomer at a time
Where does DNA replication begin?
Replication origin
Which direction does replication occur?
In both directions; its bi-directional
The place that is created by the bi-directional replication and where the new DNA exist is called what?
Replication bubble
The ends of the replication bubbles where new DNA is manufactured are called what?
Replication Forks
How many forks per bubble?
2 bubbles
one at each end
What is needed to make DNA?
Templates
raw materials : nucleotides, several enzymes and other proteins
What enzyme makes DNA?
DNA Polymerase
DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the ___’ end of a
pre-existing strand.
3’
DNA polymerase cannot add to ____’ ends. It always build to ___’ to _____’
5’ ends
3’ to 5’
DNA polymerase cannot ______ polynucleotide synthesis; it can only _______ it
DNA polymerase cannot _initiate_polynucleotide synthesis; it can only continue it
If the chains are built 5’ to 3’ and the two templates are anti-parallel, the synthesis will go in __________ direction along each template
opposite
Because DNA polymerase cannot initiate, what must happen to start the process?
- Another enzyme must make the polynucleotide, the RNA primer
You need some ____ to make DNA
RNA
