Chapter 16

Question 1

personality processes

Answer 1

1. the mechanisms that unfold over time to produce the effects of personality traits
2. sequence of steps through which a personality trait produces an outcome

Question 2

priming

Answer 2

activation of a concept or idea by repeatedly
perceiving it or thinking about it. The usual
result is that this concept or idea comes to mind more quickly and easily in new situations.

Question 3

perceptual defense

Answer 3

The process of failing to perceive stimuli that an individual might find disturbing or threatening

Question 4

short-term memory

Answer 4

the stage of information processing in which the person is consciously aware of a small amount of information (about seven chunks) as long as that information continues to be actively processed

Question 5

chunk

Answer 5

any piece of information that can be thought of as a unit

Question 6

goals

Answer 6

the ends one desires

Question 7

strategies

Answer 7

means to achieve goals

Question 8

entity theories

Answer 8

in Dweck’s theory of motivation, an individual’s belief that abilities are fixed and unchangeable.

Question 9

incremental theories

Answer 9

in Dweck’s theory of motivation, an individual’s belief that abilities can increase with experience and practice

Question 10

procedural knowledge

Answer 10

what a person knows but cannot really talk about; sometimes called knowing how