Chapter 13

Question 1

phenomenology

Answer 1

a person’s conscious experience of the world, central to humanistic psychology

Question 2

construal

Answer 2

1. a person’s particular experience of the world
2. forms the basis of how you live your life, including the goals you pursue and the obstacles and opportunities you perceive
3. free will can be achieved by chosing your construals

Question 3

introspection

Answer 3

the task of observing one’s own

mental processes

Question 4

existentialism

Answer 4

the approach to philosophy that

focuses on conscious experience (phenomenology), free will, the meaning of life, and other basic questions of existence

Question 5

umwelt

Answer 5

consists of the sensations you feel by virtue of being a biological organism

Question 6

mitwelt

Answer 6

consists of what you think and feel as a social being

Question 7

eigenwelt

Answer 7

1. inner, psychological experience

2. the experience of the experience itself

Question 8

thrown-ness

Answer 8

the time, place, and circumstances

into which you happened to be born

Question 9

angst

Answer 9

1. existential anxiety, stems from doubts about the meaning and purpose of life
2. three separate sensations: anguish, forlornness, and despair

Question 10

living in bad faith

Answer 10

ignoring existential issues

Question 11

authentic existence

Answer 11

bravely come to terms with existence, entails being honest, insightful, and morally correct

Question 12

anatta

Answer 12

Buddhist idea that the independent, singular self you sense inside your mind is merely an illusion

Question 13

actualization

Answer 13

goal is to maintain and enhance life, satisfy this need

Question 14

hierarchy of needs

Answer 14

characterizes an individual’s motivation, basic needs have to be met before one can achieve self-actualization

Question 15

fully functioning person

Answer 15

lives an authentic existence, faces the world without fear, self-doubt, or neurotic defenses

Question 16

conditions of worth

Answer 16

1. thinking that people value you because you are smart, successful, attractive, or
   good
2. limits your freedom to act and think

Question 17

personal construct theory

Answer 17

how one’s cognitive system assembles one’s various construals of the world into individually held theories called personal constructs, which determine how new theories are constructed

Question 18

sociality corollary

Answer 18

understanding another person
means understanding her personal construct
system

Question 19

maximizers

Answer 19

people who believe one should always seek to get as much as one possibly can, enjoy more happiness and have better life satisfaction

Question 20

satisficers

Answer 20

people who believe that some outcomes, short of the maximum, are “good enough,” are prone to perfectionism, depression, and regret

Question 21

flow

Answer 21

1. the totally absorbing experience of engaging in an activity that is valuable for its own sake. In flow, mood is slightly elevated and time seems to pass quickly
2. subjective experience of an autotelic activity
3. occurs when skills and challenges are balanced, better if a person has a high locus of control

Question 22

hardiness

Answer 22

lifestyle that embraces rather than avoids potential sources of stress

Question 23

hedonia

Answer 23

route to happiness that maximizes pleasure and minimizes pain

Question 24

eudaimonia

Answer 24

1. route to happiness that entails seeking a deeper meaning to life by pursuing important goals, building relationships, and being aware of taking responsibility for one’s choices in life
2. values intrinsic goals over extrinsic goals

Question 25

intrinsic goals

Answer 25

1. goals that are valuable in their own right

2. in self determination theory, the three main intrinsic goals are autonomy, competence, and relatedness

Question 26

positive psychology

Answer 26

focuses on phenomena such as positive subjective experience, positive individual traits, and positive institutions in order to improve quality of life and prevent the
pathologies that arise when life is barren and meaningless