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From Inquiry to Understanding - chapters > Chapter 16 > Flashcards

Chapter 16 Flashcards

1
Q

demonic model

A

view of mental illness in which odd behaviour, hearing voices or talking to oneself was attributed to evil spirits interested in the body

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2
Q

medical model

A

perception that regarded mental illness as due to a physical disorder requiring medical treatment

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3
Q

asylums

A

institutions for the mentally ill; created 15th century

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4
Q

moral treatment

A

approach to mental illness calling for dignity, kindness and respect

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5
Q

deinstitutionalisation

A

1960s-70s governmental policy that focused on releasing patients into the community and closing mental hospitals

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6
Q

bulimia nervosa

A

eating disorder - binge & purge

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7
Q

anorexia nervosa

A

eating disorder - excessive weight loss & irrational perception of being overweight

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8
Q

labelling theorists

A

scholars who argue that psychiatric diagnoses exert powerful negative effects on people’s perceptions and behaviours

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9
Q

DSM

A

Diagnostic and Statistic Manual

of Mental Disorders

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10
Q

prevalence

A

percentage of people who have a mental disorder

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11
Q

axes

A

dimensions of functioning

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12
Q

comorbidity

A

co-occurrence of two or more diagnoses within the same person

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13
Q

categorical model

A

model in which a mental disorder differs from normal functioning in kind rather than degree

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14
Q

dimensional model

A

model in which a mental disorder differs from normal functioning in degree rather than kind

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15
Q

insanity or mental order defence

A

legal defence proposing that people should not be held legally responsible for their actions if they were not of ‘sound mind’ when committing them

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16
Q

involuntary commitment

A

placing a mentally ill person in a facility based on their potential danger to themselves or others, or their inability to care for themselves

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17
Q

somatoform disorders

A

conditions with physical symptoms that suggest medical illness, but are actually psychological in origin

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18
Q

hypochondriasis

A

preoccupation with the notion of suffering from a serious physical disease

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19
Q

panic attacks

A

brief, intense episodes of extreme fear characterised by sweating, dizziness, light-headedness, racing heartbeat and feelings of impending death or going crazy

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20
Q

panic disorder

A

repeated and unexpected panic attacks, along with either persistent concerns about future attacks or a change in personal behaviour in an attempt to avoid them

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21
Q

generalised anxiety disorder

GAD

A

continual feelings of worry, anxiety, physical tension and irritability across many areas of life functioning

22
Q

phobia

A

intense fear of an object / situation greatly out of proportion to the actual threat

23
Q

agoraphobia

A

fear of being in a place / situation from which escape is difficult / embarrassing, or in which help in unavailable in the event of a panic attack

24
Q

specific phobias

A

intense fear of objects, places or situations greatly out of proportion to their actual threat

25
Q

social phobia

A

marked fear of public appearances in which embarrassment / humiliation is possible

26
Q

posttraumatic stress disorder

PTSD

A

marked emotional disturbance after experiencing or witnessing a severely stressful event

27
Q

obsessive-compulsive disorder

OCD

A

repeated and lengthy (at least 1hr / day) immersion in obsessions or compulsions or both

28
Q

obsessions

A

persistent ideas / thoughts / impulses that are unwanted / inappropriate / causing marked distress

29
Q

compulsions

A

repetitive behaviours / mental acts performed to reduce or prevent stress

30
Q

anxiety sensitivity

A

fear of anxiety-related sensations

31
Q

major depressive epidsode

A

person experiences lingering depressed moods or diminished interest in pleasurable activities, along with other symptoms (weight, sleep, fatigue, concentration, hopelessness, worthlessness, suicidal tendencies)

32
Q

cognitive model of depression

A

theory that depression is caused by negative beliefs and expectations

33
Q

learned helplessness

A

tendency to feel helpless in the face of events we cannot control

34
Q

manic episode

A

dramatically elevated mood, decreased need for sleep, increased energy, inflated self-esteem, increased talkativeness, irresponsible behaviour

35
Q

bipolar disorder

A

condition marked by at least one manic episode

36
Q

depersonalisation disorder

A

condition marked by multiple episodes of depersonalisation

37
Q

dissociative disorders

A

conditions involving disruptions in consciousness, memory, identity or perception

38
Q

dissociative amnesia

A

inability to recall important personal information - often related to a stressful experience - that cannot be explained by ordinary forgetfulness

39
Q

dissociative fugue

A

sudden, unexpected travel away from home / work, accompanied by amnesia for significant life events

40
Q

dissociative identity disorder

DID

A

presence of two or more distinct identities that recurrently take control of the person’s behaviour

41
Q

schizophrenia

A

severe disorder of thought and emotion associated with a loss of contact with reality

42
Q

delusions

A

strongly held, fixed beliefs that have no basis in reality

43
Q

psychotic symtoms

A

psychological problems reflecting serious distortions in reality

44
Q

hallucinations

A

sensory perceptions that occur in the absence of an external stimuli

45
Q

catatonic symptoms

A

motor problems:

  • extreme resistance complying to simple suggestions
  • holding the body in bizarre / rigid postures
  • foetal position
46
Q

diathesis-stress models

A

perspective proposing that mental disorders are a joint product of a genetic vulnerability (diathesis) and stressors that trigger this vulnerability

47
Q

personality disorder

A

personality traits (appearing first in adolescence) are inflexible, stable, expressed in a wide variety of situations and lead to distress / impairment

48
Q

borderline personality disorder

A

extreme instability in mood, identity and impulse control

49
Q

psychopathic personality

A

superficial charm, dishonesty, manipulativeness, self-centredness and risk-taking

50
Q

antisocial personality disorder

ASPD

A

lengthy history of irresponsible / illegal actions

From Inquiry to Understanding - chapters (7 decks)

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