Chapter 16 Flashcards
Roberta’s first child is now 8 months old. Roberta has been breastfeeding and would like to begin to introduce solids foods. She read somewhere to introduce one food at a time to the infant. Which of the following would be the best choice for the first food to introduce to the baby?
57
B
Rice
Which of the following nutrients need to be supplied first by solid foods in a baby’s diet?
57
A
Vitamin C and iron
Infants should not be given canned vegetables due to excessive amounts of
58
C
sodium
Infants fed honey or corn syrup are at increased risk for
59
B
botulism
What is the principal reason that information about fat on food labels of infant foods is intentionally omitted?
60
A
To prevent parents from restricting their infants’ fat intake
Foods containing sorbitol or other sugar alcohols should not be given to infants because they
61
A
promote diarrhea
All of the following are characteristics of vegetarian diets and infancy except
62
C
rice milk may substitute for other beverages from the age of 12 months and on.
Which of the following is the primary factor in the development of milk anemia?
63
B
Excessive intake of cow’s milk
Young children who drink more than 2 to 3½ cups of milk a day are most likely at increased risk for deficiency of
16.64
A
iron
A child who drinks a lot of milk at the expense of other foods is at high risk of showing signs of
65
A
anemia
66
The consumption of milk by children should not exceed 4 cups per day in order to lower the risk for
B
iron deficiency
67
What should be the parent’s response when a one-year-old child wants to clumsily spoon-feed himself?
C
let the child try to feed himself so that he will learn
68
Which of the following is associated with energy metabolism of the preschool child?
D
1-year-old who needs 800 kcal/day would require only about 1600 kcal at 6 years of age
69
Approximately how many kcal per day does an average 6 year old need to obtain?
C
1600
70
How much more total energy does a normal-weight 10 year old need vs. a 1 year old?
C
150%
71
A reasonable daily fiber intake for a 5 year old would be?
C
25
72
Which of the following is a characteristic of fat in the diet of children?
D
Fat intakes below 30% of total energy do not impair growth provided that total energy intake is adequate
73
Which of the following is the most prevalent nutrient deficiency among U.S. and Canadian children?
A
iron
74
Which of the following is a feature of nutrition in childhood?
D
Children who fail to consume vitamin D-fortified foods should receive a daily supplement of 10 micrograms
75
Which of the following is a characteristic of meal planning for children?
B
Children 1½ years of age consume more french fries than any other vegetable
76
Which of the following is a characteristic of hunger and behavior in children?
C
Children who eat nutritious breakfasts are absent from school less often than their friends who do not
77
Which of the following is the most likely reason that teachers promote the consumption of midmorning snacks for children?
C
It provides carbohydrate for maintenance of blood glucose and brain function
78
Which of the following is characteristic of children who regularly eat breakfast or skip breakfast?
A
Breakfast-skippers actually show lower scores on IQ tests than those who eat breakfast
79
Jenny is a 13-year-old Hare Krishna who follows a vegan diet due to religious beliefs. She has not been performing as well as her non-vegetarian study friend on math tests and has been very upset about it. The teacher reports to Jenny’s mom that she does not appear focused during lessons and can’t seem to concentrate on her school work. Which of the following may provide a likely explanation?
B
The diet provides insufficient bioavailable iron and she many be anemic
80
All of the following are features of iron nutrition in children except
C
the brain appears to be less sensitive to iron deficiency than the rest of the body.
81
Which of the following is a characteristic of iron deficiency in children?
A
It affects brain function before anemia sets in
82
Which of the following is a feature of iron nutrition and behavior in children?
B
Children who had iron-deficiency anemia as infants perform poorly even after iron status improves
83
All of the following are common signs of mild lead toxicity except
C
dermatitis.
84
Which of the following is a characteristic of lead exposure and health?
A
Absorption of lead is higher on an empty stomach
85
What is the prevalence of hyperactivity in children?
A
5-10%
86
All of the following are characteristics of hyperactivity in children except
D
in many cases, it responds favorably to dietary manipulations such as limiting sugar intake.
87
All of the following are characteristics of hyperactivity in children except
B
excessive amounts of sugar may cause or aggravate hyperactivity.
88
What is the term given to the child who is hyperactive with severe and impulsive behavior?
D
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
89
A child who develops antibodies to a certain food is said to have a
A
food allergy
90
An adverse reaction to food that does not signal the body to form antibodies is termed a
B
food intolerance
91
Which of the following is a characteristic of a food allergy?
B
It always involves the production of antibodies
92
You have just started work as a summer camp counselor and completed a training session for all the new employees on safety. Counselors were instructed to prohibit campers from eating peanut butter and jelly sandwiches anywhere other than the cafeteria. You believe that the most likely explanation for this rule is to
D
minimize peanut exposure for campers with peanut allergies.
93
Which of the following foods are most often the cause of allergies?
A
Eggs, peanuts, and milk
94
What food is responsible for the most life-threatening allergic reactions in people?
B
Peanuts
95
A life-threatening whole-body allergic reaction is known as
A
anaphylactic shock.
96
A child known to be allergic to peanuts who begins to show signs such as difficulty breathing, swelling of the tongue, and severe abdominal discomfort is most likely in immediate need of a life-saving injection of
C
epinephrine
97
All of the following are features of food allergies except
C
the presence of antibodies always coincides with physical symptoms.
98
A child with a true allergy to milk is actually allergic to the milk’s
A
casein
99
If a child is allergic to soy, which of the following should be avoided?
D
Textured vegetable protein
100
People who show adverse reactions to foods such as increased pulse rate, nausea, and hives, but do not show antibodies to the offending foods, are displaying
A
food intolerances
101
Approximately what percentage of U.S. children between 2 and 19 years of age are overweight?
D
32
102
Which of the following is a characteristic of obesity in childhood?
B
A nonobese child of nonobese parents has a less than 10% chance of becoming obese in adulthood
103
What are the odds that an overweight 18 year old with only one obese parent will become an obese adult?
D
4 in 5
104
According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, what is the maximum number of hours/day of television viewing for a child under 2 years of age?
A
0
105
What population group consumes the most soft drinks each day at school?
A
Teenage boys
106
The typical can of soft drink contains the equivalent of how many teaspoons of sugar?
D
10
107
Five cans of soft drinks provide approximately how many kcalories?
D
750
108
To help improve a child’s BMI, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends limiting television and video time for children older than 2 years to how many hours per day?
A
2
109
All of the following describe influences of television and video gaming on nutrition except
D
children are exposed to thousands of TV commercials each year but their requests for advertised foods are heeded by their parents only half the time.
110
All of the following are typical growth characteristics of overweight children except
B
they can achieve a normal appearance after losing excess fat
111
Which of the following two conditions are associated with television’s influence?
A
Obesity and high blood lipids
112
What is the most likely explanation for the increased prevalence of obesity in children over the past 30 years?
D
They are less active
113
What is the leading cause of high blood pressure in children?
A
Obesity
114
Which of the following is a feature of nutrition and behavior in children?
C
Television commercials featuring snack foods have been found to affect children’s food preferences
115
Mike is a 10-year-old inactive child who weighs 150 pounds. He has come to your practice with his parents for help on losing weight. What advice should be given to the parents?
D
Maintain weight and do not encourage weight loss during growth and development
116
To lower the risk of obesity in children, which of the following practices should parents institute for their children?
C
Teach them to take appropriate food portions
117
Which of the following is an effective strategy for dealing with obesity in a child?
C
Engage the individual in at least 1 hour per day of moderate to vigorous physical activity
118
Why is it recommended that overweight children not follow a low-kcalorie diet?
D
Diet restriction can interfere with growth and developmen
119
Who is best able to manage the growth and weight gain of overweight children?
C
Health-care professional
120
Which of the following steps should be undertaken by the parent or guardian to ensure that young people eat well?
A
Control the availability of food
121
Which of the following practices is not among the recommendations to help children develop an interest in vegetables?
D
Serve vegetables with the promise that after they are eaten, dessert will follow
122
Even in preschoolers whose habits are being established, existing dietary attitudes are relatively resistant to change. How should wise parents react?
A
Be patient and persistent
123
All of the following are food preferences in children except
A
hot foods are preferred to warm ones.
124
All of the following are features of snacking in children except
A
snacking should be prevented.
125
Which of the following is not among the recommended methods for introducing new foods to children?
D
Present new foods at the end of the meal
126
If a child is reluctant to try a new food it is best to
a. send the child to his/her room.
b. withhold dessert until all food on the plate is eaten.
c. quietly remove it and present it again at another time.
d.encourage other family members to coax the child to eat it.
C
quietly remove it and try it another time
127
When children are freely allowed to pick foods they usually pick the ones high in
sugar
128
The single most important way to teach your child about nutrition is by
example
A
129
What minimum fraction of the RDA for key nutrients for children 10-12 years of age should be provided by public school lunches
C
1/3
130
Which of the following is a feature of public school food programs?
A
they must follow the dietary guidelines for Americans
131
All of the following are influences that undermine healthful food intake and food selection at schools EXCEPT
A
reducing the price of nutritious food does not promote their purchase by students
132
The adolescent growth spurt
D
begins and ends earlier in girls than boys
133
What is the approximate duration of the adolescent growth spurt
C
2.5 years
134
Which of the following is a characteristic of the adolescent growth spurt
A
obesity occurs more often in African American females
135
All of the following are features fo the iron RDA for adolescents EXCEPT
D
the frequency of iron deficiency is similar among males and females of the same age
136
A local high school has just added milk to the vending machines. Parents were very supportive of this change; however, not all the students believe this is useful. You have a few minutes to speak to the student body, and your talk should
C
point out that milk is a good source of calcium, which is required for teens during peak bone growth
137
What is menarche?
A
a female’s time of first menstruation
138
Adolescent women may fail to reach peak bone mass for all of the following reasons except
B
lactose intolerance begins to intensify during teen years
139
All of the following are characteristics of adolescences’ food intakes EXCEPT
D
eating breakfast results in higher overall daily intakes of protein and fat but unchanged intakes of iron and zinc compared with breakfast skippers
140
Which of the following is a feature of beverage intake in adolescents?
D
four standard colas a day provides enough caffeine to alter behavior
141
Approximately how much caffeine is delivered by a typical cola beverage?
B
30-55 mg
142
What is considered to be the minimum pharmacologically active dose of caffeine?
C
200 mg
143
Approximately what fraction of an average teenagers’ daily energy intake is derived from snacks?
A
1/4
144
About how many meals each week are eaten outside of the home by adolescents?
B
7
145
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cigarette smokers and nutrition?
B
they have higher intakes of carotene-rich foods
146
A cigarette smoker who is planning to quit should expect a weight gain in the first year of about
C
10 pounds
147
Which of the following is a characteristic of tobacco use and adolescents?
B
smokers require more vitamin C to maintain body stores
148
All of the following are characteristics in the development of atherosclerosis EXCEPT
B
once plaque is formed, it can be contained but cannot regress
149
The association of cholesterol to the health of children is described by all of the following EXCEPT
C
there appears to be only a very weak correlation between obesity in children and their blood cholesterol levels
150
All of the following are characteristics of blood cholesterol in children EXCEPT
A
acceptable total cholesterol levels are up to 240 mg/d
151
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of physically active children and blood lipids?
D
they respond differently than do physically active adults towards changes in blood lipids
152
Which of the following is NOT a dietary recommendation for children?
B
Children with high blood cholesterol should be treated first with statin drugs
