Chapter 15 - Treatment of Psychological Disorders Flashcards
All forms of psychotherapy involve interactions between the practitioner and client
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Biological therapies
Treatment based on medical approaches to illness and disease. These therapies are based on the idea that mental disorders are the result of abnormalities in neural and bodily processes - like an imbalance of neurotransmitters
Types of biological treatments?
Drugs, electrical stimulation of the brain, surgical intervention
Psychopharmacology
The use of medications that affect brain or body function. They are affective in the short term.
Nonbiological treatments are more effective for some disorders in the long term
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For many disorders, the recent focus has been on combining biological therapies with other approaches to find the best treatment for each patient
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Each theory about a mental disorder includes treatment strategies that are based on the theory’s assumptions about the causes of mental disorders
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Treatment is based on what?
What we think are the CAUSES of mental disorders
Etiologies
The causes of mental disorders
Psychotherapy is aimed at what?
Changing patterns of thought or of behavior
Eclectic approach
Using a variety of techniques that seem appropriate for a given client
Free association
Freud came up with this. You basically talk about whatever comes to mind and the therapist looks out for signs of unconscious conflicts, especially when the client seems resistant to talking about certain subjects. Eventually as you talk, unconscious desires and fears will come out
Dream analysis
Freud came up with this. You interpret the hidden meaning of the client’s dream
Insight
The goal of psychoanalysis: a patient’s awareness of his or her own unconscious psychological processes and how these processes affect daily functioning
Psychodynamic therapy
Examining the patient’s needs, defenses, and motives as a way of understanding why the patient is distressed
Most proponents of psychodynamic theory embrace what?
Freud’s talking therapy - however, the talking tends to be more conversational
Some features of psychodynamic therapy?
Examining client’s avoidance in distressing thoughts, looking for recurring themes and patterns in thoughts and feelings, discussing early traumatic experiences, focusing on interpersonal relations and childhood attachments, examining dreams, emphasizing relationship between therapist and client
Weak evidence that psychodynamic therapy works. What’s a problem with it?
It takes many years… It may help people with borderline personality disorder, it’s not effective
A study found that it makes people feel positive to express their emotions and emotional events
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Talking about emotions and emotional events help boost immune function
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Client-centered therapy
An empathetic approach to therapy; it encourages people to fulfill their individual potentials for personal growth through greater self-understanding. The therapist creates a safe and comforting setting, accepts the client with unconditional positive regard, and takes the client’s perspective. Helps people access their true feelings.
Reflective listening
The therapist repeats the client’s concerns to help the person clarify his or her feelings
Motivational interviewing
Uses a client centered approach over a very short period of time (like 1 or 2 interviews) motivational interviewing is helpful for drug and alcohol abusers
Behavior therapy
Treatment based on the premise that behavior is learned and therefore can be unlearned through the use of classical and operant conditioning. Desired behaviors are rewarded. Unwanted behaviors are ignored or punished.
Social skills training
The therapist will model appropriate social behavior and the client is encouraged to imitate the behavior, rehearse it in therapy, and later apply the learned behavior to real world situations
Modeling
The therapist acts out an appropriate behavior. The client is encouraged to imitate the observed behavior, rehearse it in therapy, and later apply the behavior to real world situations. It’s a form of observational learning
Cognitive therapy
Treatment based on the idea that distorted thoughts produce maladaptive behaviors and emotions; treatment strategies attempt to modify these thought patterns
Cognitive restructuring
A therapy that strives to help patients recognize the maladaptive thought patterns and replace them with ways of viewing the world that are more in tune with reality
Rational-emotive therapy
Through this approach, a therapist acts as a teacher, explaining the client’s errors in thinking and demonstrating more adaptive ways to think and behave
Interpersonal therapy
Focuses on circumstances - namely relationships the client attempts to avoid. This approach integrates cognitive therapy with psychodynamic insight therapy. Interpersonal therapy developed out of psychodynamic ideas on how people relate to one another, but it uses cognitive therapy with psychodynamic insight therapy. Involves exploring interpersonal experiences and relationships
Mindfulness based cognitive therapy
Mindfulness based cognitive therapy is based on principles derived from mindfulness meditation; it helps clients be aware of their negative thoughts and feelings and help people disengage from ruminative thinking through meditation. It’s effective for depression sufferers
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
Incorporates techniques from cognitive therapy and behavior therapy to correct faulty thinking and change maladaptive behaviors
Exposure
A cognitive-behavioral therapy that involves repeated exposure to an anxiety producing stimulus or situation… Most cognitive behavioral therapies have people engage in exposure
Exposure and response prevention
If the client is not permitted to avoid the stimulus they fear and have to be exposed to the fear, the client’s avoidance response is eventually extinguished
Systematic desensitization
The therapist exposes the client to increasingly anxiety producing situations by having the client imagine them and then teaching the client to relax at the same time. Exposure and systematic desensitization are reliable treatments for phobias
Group therapy
Less expensive, helps ppl share emotions and learn social skills and learn from each other
How many client’s is ideal in group therapy
About 8
What types of group therapy are best when structured??
Bulimia and OCD
Systems approach
An individual is part of a larger system. Any change in that individual will affect the system they’re part of (especially family)
Recovering alcoholics = family therapy is good because when the alcoholic gives us drinking thy will be irritable and the family should be aware of that
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Family therapy is good for whom?
Schizophrenics
Expressed emotion
A pattern of negative actions by a client’s family members. The pattern includes critical comments, hostility directed towards the client by family members, and emotional overinvolvement
Some cultures like China are less accepting of psychotherapy
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Psychotropic medications
Drugs that affect mental processes. They act by changing brain neurochemistry. They can inhibit action potentials or alter synaptic transmission to increase or decrease the action of particular neurotransmitters
Psychotropic medications fall into what categories?
- Anti-anxiety drugs
- Antidepressants
- Antipsychotics
