chapter 15 : transport systems in living things

Question 1

what are the three main components that make up the human transport system?

Answer 1

• heart aka “the pump”
• blood aka “the liquid”
• blood vessels aka “the network of pipes”

Question 1

an adult heart is located near the centre of the chest, beats ard 60-100

desribe the heart

Answer 1

• about the size of a fist
• despite being a small organ, it has muscles that are imcredibly strong
• if a major blood vessel near the heart is cut, blood can spurt up to 3m away
• as the heart pumps blood continuosly, blood is circulated in the body from head to toe.

Question 2

what are the different substances/ components in blood?

Answer 2

• red blood cells
• plasma
• other components

Question 3

what is the function of red blood cells?

Answer 3

• transport oxygen to different parts of the body
• millions of them make up each drop of blood and give it a red colour

Question 4

what is the function of plasma?

Answer 4

• transports water and dissolved sustances such as digested food, mineral salts & waste products to different parts of the body
• it makes up more than half of the volume of blood

Question 5

what are the other components of blood?

and their function?

Answer 5

• include white blood cells and platelets,
• which serve a protective function

Question 6

what are the three main types of blood vessels?

Answer 6

• artery
• vein
• capillary

Question 7

what does the plant transport system consist of?

Answer 7

two types of tissues :
- xylem
- phloem

Question 8

what are the function of the 3 main blood vessels?

Answer 8

• artery : carries blood away from the heart
• vein : carries blood towards the heart
• capillary : acts as a site of exchange of substances (ie. digested food, gases, waste substances)

Question 9

the xylem is the inner part if the stem

what is the function of the xylem

Answer 9

it transports water and mineral salts from the roots to all parts of the plant in an upward direction

Question 9

the phloem is the outer part if the stem

what is the function of the phloem?

Answer 9

it transports sugar from the leaves to all parts of the plant in both an upward and downward direction.

sugar is transported up to the bud

Question 10

what are the two processes that allow substances to move into and out of cells?

Answer 10

• diffusion
• osmosis

Question 11

what is diffusion?

Answer 11

• refers to the net movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration
• a process that occurs in animals & plants

Question 12

digested food and oxygen that are of higher concentration in the blood compared to those in the surrounding tissues leave the capillaries and enter the tissues by what process?

Answer 12

diffusion

Question 12

substances also move into and out of plant cells by diffusion. the leaves of plants are the site for exchange of gases. the gases diffuse out of plant cells and then out of the leaves through tiny openings into the air what are the tiny openings called?

Answer 12

stomata

Question 13

during photosynthesis, leaf cells produce oxygen and glucose. what is one gas in the air that diffuses into the leaves of plants

Answer 13

• carbon dioxide diffuses from the air where it is of higher concentration, to within the leaf where it is of lower concentration.
• oxygen diffuses from within the leaf where it is of higher concentration to outside the leaf where it is of lower concentration.

Question 13

how does diffusion occur at the roots?

Answer 13

• dissolved mineral salts diffuse into roots cells
• The mineral salts diffuse from the roots cells into the xylem
• The mineral salts are transported to the rest of the plant via the xylem

Question 14

what is osmosis

Answer 14

• is a process involved in the movement of substances in and out of the cell
• The presence of water molecules and a partially permeable (water can pass through) membrane are needed in osmosis

more water molecules are usually present in the soil than in the roots

The roots cells have cell membranes that are partially permeable hence water molecules into the cells through osmosis

Question 14

what is the process of osmosis in the roots of the plant?

Answer 14

• water enters the rooot cells by osmosis
• Water moves across the roots from cell to cell by osmosis
• Water is transported to the rest of the plant via the xylem

Question 15

what is a drug?

Answer 15

• A substance that can affect the body systems
• medicinal drugs are prescribed in appropriate doses by doctors to treat illnesses

Question 16

what is Drug abuse?

Answer 16

Drop abuse refers to the use of drugs in a way that harms one’s health

Question 17

what are examples of harmful drugs

Answer 17

• “ice”
• heroin
• cannabis

Question 18

how can Drug abuse affect the nervous system?

Answer 18

• poor balance and coordination
• Slower reaction
• Insomnia
• Anxiety
• Irritability
• Hallucination
• Memory loss

Question 19

how can drug abuse affect the circulatory system?

Answer 19

• irregular heartbeat
• Increased heart rate
• Increase BP
• Increased risk of heart attack
• Increased risk of stroke
• Narrowed arteries resulting in reduced blood flow to the limbs

Question 19

how can drug abuse affect the respiratory system?

Answer 19

• lung cancer
• emphysema ( collapse of the walls of tubes in the lungs)

Question 20

how can drug abuse affect the digestive system?

Answer 20

• nausea
• Increased risk of mouth and throat cancer
• Severe tooth decay
• Stomach ulcer
• Liver damage

Question 21

how can drug abuse affect the sexual reproductive system?

Answer 21

• infertility

Question 22

what is organ transplant?

Answer 22

• A medical procedure that is carry out to replace the damaged organ