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Psychology 479 > Chapter 15 - Temporal Lobe > Flashcards

Chapter 15 - Temporal Lobe Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three major areas of the temporal lobe?

A

1) Superior temporal gyrus (located just below lateral/sylvian fissure)
2) Middle temporal gyrus
3) Inferior temporal gyrus

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2
Q

What makes up the olfactory cortex?

A
  • Uncus and the piriform cortex
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3
Q

Other than the main three, which major gyri are found within the temporal lobes?

A
  • The parahippocampal gyrus
  • Fusiform gyrus
  • Lingual gyrus
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4
Q

What type of regions compose the STS? What type of input does it receive?

A
  • Contain many subregions of polymodal cortex
  • Receives input from auditory, visual, and somatic regions
  • Also receives input from the other two polymodal regions (frontal and parietal) and the paralimbic cortex
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5
Q

What brain components can be found within the parahippocampal gyrus?

A
  • The parahippocampal cortex
  • The perirhinal cortex
  • The entorhinal cortex
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6
Q

T/F: The parahippocampal cortex is located more laterally.

A
  • FALSE
  • Located very medially, more towards the posterior end
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7
Q

T/F: Most of the superior temporal lobe is auditory.

A
  • TRUE
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8
Q

Which Brodmann’s area does A1 correspond to?

A
  • 41
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9
Q

Where does the temporal cortex receive afferent connections from?

A
  • Different sensory systems
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10
Q

What efferent connections does the temporal cortex have?

A
  • Frontal and parietal association regions
  • Limbic system
  • Basal Ganglia
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11
Q

What connects the neocortex of the two temporal lobes?

A
  • The corpus callosum
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12
Q

What connects the medial temporal cortex and amygdala between the two hemispheres?

A
  • The anterior commissure
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13
Q

What general areas make up the medial temporal lobe area?

A
  • Amygdala and adjacent cortex (uncus)
  • The hippocampus and surrounding cortex (subiculum, entorhinal, perirhinal, parahippocampal)
  • Fusiform gyrus
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14
Q

What is the purpose of the medial temporal projections from auditory and visual association areas?

A
  • They are very important for long-term memory
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15
Q

What’s the general cortical map of projections from the medial temporal areas?

A

1) Auditory and visual associaton areas
2) Perirhinal cortex
3) Entorhinal cortex
4) hippocampus and/or amygdala

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16
Q

What’s the purpose of projections from visual and auditory and somatic areas converging upon the STS?

A
  • Most likely a polymodal pathway that underlies stimulus categorization
  • Involved in cross-modal matching
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17
Q

What’s the function of the dorsal auditory pathway projections?

A
  • Directs movements with respect to auditory information
18
Q

What are projections from the temporal lobes to the frontal lobes help achieve?

A
  • Help with movement control, short-term memory, and affect/emotion/mood
19
Q

What do connections from the olfactory bulb to the temporal piriform cortex help achieve?

A
  • Odor perception and memory
  • Routed via the dorsomedial nucleus in thalamus
  • Also has connections to the amygdala, OFC and entorhinal cortex
20
Q

Why is the temporal lobe considered multi-functional?

A
  • Houses auditory cortex, limbic cortex (emotions), part of olfactory cortex, amygdala and hippocampus
  • Play major role in visual object recognition, especially in the perception of faces
21
Q

What’s biological motion?

A
  • Movements that have a particular relevance to a species
  • Ex. Ability to read eyes, lips, hand movements
22
Q

How is the STS involved in biological motion?

A
  • STS receives multimodal inputs that play a role in categorizing stimuli
  • Understanding social stimuli is important for social cognition/theory of mind (understanding the the mental states of others)
23
Q

What’s considered the “classic” model for explaining the neural pathways for face processing?

A
  • The STS stream helps classify changeable characteristics of the person (i.e., expression, gaze); social cognition
  • The FFA stream helps classify invariant characteristics of the person (i.e., identity, gender)
24
Q

What does the alternative model for explaining the neural pathways for face processing?

A
  • The STS stream is involved in classifying motion
  • The FFA stream is involved in classifying form
  • The two streams are not completely separate in this model
25
Q

Why do we perceive ourselves differently from when we look at ourselves in the mirror versus in a photograph?

A
  • Due to the sides of the face being flipped in a reflection our brains are processing a different side of the face versus when we’re looking at a photo
26
Q

What are the individual strengths of the left and right temporal lobes?

A
  • Left - verbal memory, speech sound processing
  • Right - Nonverbal memory (e.g., remembering faces), processing of music, and face processing
27
Q

What can bilateral damage to A1 cause?

A
  • Patients will have difficulty in discriminating speech sounds and judging their temporal order, especially after left lesions
  • Complex stimuli is hard to understand
  • Does not make them cortically deaf
28
Q

Wernicke’s aphasia?

A
  • Inability to comprehend or produce meaningful speech, even though the production of words remains intact
  • Talk comes out as gibberish, very difficult to communicate with
  • Intelligence unaffected
  • Wernicke’s area contains sound images of words
29
Q

What’s Broca’s aphasia?

A
  • Inability to produce speech
  • Broca’s area contains motor programs for speech
30
Q

T/F: The arcuate fasciculus connects Wernicke’s and Broca’s areas

A
  • TRUE
  • It’s an intrahemispheric connection
31
Q

What’s the general cortical map for producing speech?

A

1) Thought from frontal lobes
2) Wernicke’s area
3) Broca’s area (motor programs)
4) Facial area of motor cortex (M1)
5) Cranial nerves
6) Engage vocal apparatus for speaking

32
Q

What can right temporal damage to A1 lead to?

A
  • Impaired pitch discrimination (frequency)
33
Q

What is the right posterior superior temporal gyrus involved in?

A
  • May be involved in rhythm discrimination
34
Q

What can anterior damage to either temporal lobe impact?

A
  • Can make meter discrimination difficult
35
Q

Congenital amusia?

A
  • i.e., tone deafness
  • Affects around 4% of people
  • Can’t identify pitch or melody
  • Demonstrates how music is not a cultural phenomenon
36
Q

What can damage to the inferotemporal cortex result in?

A
  • Can cause disorders of visual perception due to ventral stream of visual processing
37
Q

What did Milner (1968) discover in patients with right temporal lobectomies?

A
  • Had impairments in the McGill Picture Anomaly Test
  • Also tend to be impaired in perceiving subtle social cues
38
Q

Mooney face test?

A
  • Subjects must identify the face within ambiguous shadows
  • Those with right temporal damage do not perform well
39
Q

How is the inferotemporal cortex involved in memory?

A
  • Important for conscious/explicit recall of info
40
Q

Left vs. right temporal lobes in memory?

A
  • Left - verbal recall
  • Right - nonverbal recall
41
Q

What can stimulation of anterior and medial temporal cortex produce?

A
  • Can produce feelings of fear
42
Q

What symptoms are characterized by the “temporal lobe personality”?

A
  • Pedantic speech (overly formal)
  • Perseveration in speech
  • Egocentricity
  • Paranoia
  • Preoccupation with religion
  • Aggressive outbursts
  • Hypersexuality

Psychology 479 (13 decks)

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