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Psychology 479 > Chapter 14 - Parietal Lobe > Flashcards

Chapter 14 - Parietal Lobe Flashcards

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1
Q

What’s the general function of the parietal lobes?

A
  • Process and integrate somatosensory and visual information, especially as it pertains to movement control
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2
Q

What purpose does the intraparietal sulcus have?

A
  • Divides the inferior and superior parietal lobes
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3
Q

What components make up the inferior parietal lobe?

A
  • Supramarginal gyrus (crescent-shaped)
  • Angular gyrus (posterior to supramarginal gyrus)
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4
Q

What’s another term for the postcentral gyrus?

A
  • S1 (primary somatosensory area)
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5
Q

Which Brodmann’s areas correspond to the superior and inferior parietal lobes?

A
  • Superior - 5 and 7
  • Inferior - 40, and 39
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6
Q

Which Brodmann’s areas correspond to the anterior zone of the parietal lobes?

A
  • S1 (1-3)
  • 43
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7
Q

What types of sense is closely associated with the angular gyrus/area PG BA 39)?

A
  • It’s largely visual and contains polymodal regions
  • Larger in the right hemisphere.
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8
Q

What type of inputs does area PG receive?

A
  • Visual, somatosensory, oculomotor (eye movements), cingulate (cognition, emotion), auditory
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9
Q

What roles does area PG have?

A
  • Role in intermodal mixing
  • Role in spatially-guided behaviour with respect to both visual and tactile information
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10
Q

What general functions does the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex have (DLPFC)?

A
  • Internally-motivated behaviour
  • Working memory
  • Planning
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11
Q

Which other brain regions are areas PG/PF highly connected to?

A
  • The DLPFC and the OFC
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12
Q

T/F: Posterior parietal areas and dlPFC project to very different areas as a form of parallel processing.

A
  • FALSE
  • They both project to very similar areas including the paralimbic cortex, hippocampus, and various subcortical regions
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13
Q

Parieto-premotor stream?

A
  • Apart of the dorsal stream anatomy
  • The principle unconscious “how” pathway
  • Affects motor output most directly
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14
Q

Parieto-prefrontal?

A
  • Apart of dorsal stream anatomy
  • May be related to working memory for visuospatial objects
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15
Q

Parieto-medial-temporal?

A
  • Apart of dorsal stream anatomy
  • Role in spatial recognition and spatial navigation
  • More perceptual/conscious
  • Projects to the hippocampus and the parahippocampal regions
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16
Q

Role of anterior zones in parietal lobe function?

A
  • Processes somatic sensations and perceptions
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17
Q

Role of posterior zones in parietal lobe function?

A
  • Integrates somatic and visual input to control movement
  • Involved in mental imagery (ex. object rotation, arithmetic, reading etc.)
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18
Q

What’s acalculia?

A
  • Inability to perform mathematical computations
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19
Q

What’s the name for Brodmann’s area 40?

A
  • Supramarginal gyrus
20
Q

What would damage to S1 cause?

A
  • Affects thresholds for detecting touch
  • Can create high sensory thresholds (i.e., less sensitive to stimuli)
21
Q

WHat’s afferent paresis?

A
  • Difficulty executing smooth, coordinated movements due to loss of afferent (somatosensory) feedback from the muscles. Don’t have info on what you’re doing
  • Often caused by damage to S1
22
Q

What is astereognosis?

A
  • A somatoperceptual disorders
  • The inability to recognize an object by touch
  • Have normal thresholds, but patient is unable to recognize objects when blindfolded
  • “A loss of body knowledge”
23
Q

What can cause astereognosis?

A
  • Small lesions to S1
24
Q

What’s simultaneous extinction?

A
  • A somatoperceptual disorder- The failure to perceive a sensory stimulus only if that stimulus is presented simultaneously with a second stimulus
25
Q

What can cause simultaneous extinction?

A
  • Damage to secondary somatic cortex (areas PE and PF) in RIGHT hemisphere
  • ALWAYS RIGHT HEMISPHERE
26
Q

How would you test for extinction in a stroke patient?

A
  • When holding up two objects, patient would have to focus on one object at a time, using their left visual field to identify the object.
27
Q

What’s numb touch?

A
  • A type of somatoperceptual disorder
  • It’s the tactile analogue of blindsight
  • Loss of tactile perception, but are able to locate objects through touch (better than chance selections)
  • Very rare
28
Q

Asomatognosia?

A
  • Loss of knowledge or sense of one’s own body and bodily condition
  • Most commonly due to right hemisphere lesions
29
Q

What are the different types of asomatognosias?

A
  • Anosognosia - unawareness or denial of illness
  • Anosodiaphoria - indifference to illness (able to recognize it, but doesn’t care)
  • Autopagnosia - inability to localize and name body parts, caused by left hemisphere damage
  • Asymbolia for pain - absence of typical reactions to pain, such as reflexive withdrawal from a painful stimulus. Get easily injured. Associated with insular lesions
30
Q

Balint syndrome?

A
  • A host of symptoms of posterior parietal damage
  • Usually associated with large bilateral lesions, resulting in deficits in visual attention, as well as motor function
31
Q

What three major symptoms make up Balint syndrome?

A
  • Oculomotor apraxia
  • Optic ataxia (no visually-guided reaching)
  • Simultagnosia (can’t perceive more than one object at a time)
32
Q

What’s oculomotor apraxia?

A
  • Paralysis of eye fixation with inability to look voluntarily into the peripheral visual field
33
Q

What’s contralateral neglect?

A
  • Another symptom of posterior parietal damage
  • Neglect of the body or space contralateral to a (usually) right lesion (i.e., ignore the left side of their visual field
  • It’s a deficit of attention, nothing wrong with visual fields
34
Q

When asked to copy a clock drawing, the patient only fills in the right side of the drawing. What might we diagnose this patient with?

A
  • Contralateral neglect
35
Q

What are the stages of contralateral neglect recovery?

A
  • Stage 1: Allesthesia
  • Stage 2: Simultaneous extinction
36
Q

Allesthesia?

A
  • Responds to stimuli on the neglected side as if they were present on the unlesioned side
  • Ex. poked on left arm , they may mistake this for being poked on the right arm
37
Q

What brain area is the locus of contralateral neglect?

A
  • Damage to both intraparietal sulcus (divides vs. inferior parietal lobe) and right angular gyrus are necessary
38
Q

What’s one theory for why contralateral neglect occurs?

A
  • Left hemisphere orients attention towards right visual space
  • Right hemisphere orients attention to both visual hemifields
  • Loss of left parietal function could be compensated for by right hemisphere
39
Q

What’s Gerstmann syndrome and its symptoms?

A
  • Caused by damage to left parietal lobe
  • Symptoms include finger agnosia (can’t recognize fingers), agraphia (can’t write) , acalculia, right-left confusion
40
Q

What may disturbed language function indicate?

A
  • May be a symptom of left parietal damage
41
Q

What’s apraxia and impaired recall?

A
  • Both may indicate damage to left parietal lobe
  • Apraxia - loss of skilled movement
  • Impaired recall - Unable to recall a list of numbers properly whether presented orally or visually
42
Q

T/F: Apraxia can be caused by intellectual deterioration.

A
  • FALSE
  • Apraxia is not caused by weakness, paralysis, intellectual deterioration or poor comprehension
43
Q

Ideomotor apraxia?

A
  • Inability to use and understand non-verbal communication such as gestures or to copy movement sequences
  • Associated with left posterior parietal lesions (right parietal performs normally)
44
Q

How can you test for ideomotor apraxia?

A
  • Kimura box tests (patient must move through movement series)
  • Serial arm-movement copying test
  • Serial facial-movement copying test
45
Q

Constructional apraxia?

A
  • Visuomotor disorder - spatial organization is disturbed
  • Posterior parietal damage to either hemisphere
  • Ex. cannot assemble a puzzle, build a tree house, draw a picture
46
Q

Why does damage to the parietal often result in apraxia?

A
  • There’s a disruption of the parietofrontal connections that control movement
  • Posterior parietal cortex receives tactile, visual, and proprioceptive afferent signals and is highly connected to frontal cortex, which commands our movements

Psychology 479 (13 decks)

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