Chapter 15 : Religious Wars and Expansion

Question 1

Nicolaus Copernicus

Answer 1

Posited heliocentric universe in place of geocentric universe

Question 2

Deism

Answer 2

Belief that God created the universe and set it into motion to operate like clockwork

Question 3

Rene Decarte

Answer 3

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Question 4

Enlightenment

Answer 4

Intellectual revolution in which philosophes stressed reason and natural law

Question 5

Galileo

Answer 5

Italian scientist who formulated terrestrial laws and modern laws of Inertia/evidence

Question 6

Laissez Faire

Answer 6

Economic concept of Adam Smith in opposition of mercantilism

Question 7

Isaac Newton

Answer 7

Formulated the law of gravitation

Question 8

Philosophes

Answer 8

Social critics of the eighteenth century

Question 9

Royal Society of London and French Academy of Sciences

Answer 9

Organized bodies for scientific study

Question 10

Tabula Rasa

Answer 10

Concept of the mind as a blank sheet that formulated ideas based on impressions

Question 11

Cesar’s Beccaria

Answer 11

Wrote Crime and Punishment

Question 12

Concordet

Answer 12

Sketch of the Progress of the Human Mind

Question 13

Denis Diderot

Answer 13

Encyclopedia

Question 14

David Hume

Answer 14

An Inquiry Concerning Human Understanding

Question 15

John Locke

Answer 15

Two Treatises on Government; Essay on Human Understanding

Question 16

Montesquieu

Answer 16

Spirit of the Laws; Persian Laws

Question 17

Rousseau

Answer 17

Social Contract; Emile

Question 18

Adam Smith

Answer 18

Wealth of Nations

Question 19

Voltaire

Answer 19

Philosophical letters; Candide

Question 20

Aristotelian Ptolemaic Cosmology

Answer 20

Geocentric view of the universe that accorded with church teachings

Question 21

Francis Bacon

Answer 21

Inductive thinker who stressed experimentation in arriving to the truth

Question 22

Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis

Answer 22

Treaty that ended the Habsburg-Valois Wars

Question 23

Concordat of Bologna

Answer 23

Francis I agreed to recognize the supremacy of the papacy over a universal council

Question 24

Huguenots

Answer 24

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Question 25

Henry of Navarre

Answer 25

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Question 26

Saint Bartholomew’s Day Massacre

Answer 26

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Question 27

War of The Three Henrys

Answer 27

A civil conflict among factions led by the Catholic Henry of Guise, Protestant Henry of Navarre, and King Henry III
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Question 28

Politiques

Answer 28

Small group of moderates of both faiths who believed that only the restoration of strong monarchy could reverse the trend towards collapse

Question 29

The Edict of Nantes

Answer 29

Published by Henry in 1598 that granted the Huguenots liberty of conscience and liberty of public worship

Question 30

Union of Utrecht

Answer 30

Seven northern provinces, led by Holland, declared their independence from Spain

Question 31

Spanish Armada

Answer 31

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Question 32

Thirty Years War

Answer 32

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Question 33

Gustavo’s Adolphus

Answer 33

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Question 34

Peace of Westphalia

1648

Answer 34

Recognized the sovereign, independent authority of more than three hundred German princes, each governing his territory and make peace

Also denied papacy the right to participate in German religious affairs, reducing the role of the church in European politics

Question 35

Prince Henry “The Navigator”

Answer 35

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