Chapter 15 : Religious Wars and Expansion Flashcards
Nicolaus Copernicus
Posited heliocentric universe in place of geocentric universe
Deism
Belief that God created the universe and set it into motion to operate like clockwork
Rene Decarte
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Enlightenment
Intellectual revolution in which philosophes stressed reason and natural law
Galileo
Italian scientist who formulated terrestrial laws and modern laws of Inertia/evidence
Laissez Faire
Economic concept of Adam Smith in opposition of mercantilism
Isaac Newton
Formulated the law of gravitation
Philosophes
Social critics of the eighteenth century
Royal Society of London and French Academy of Sciences
Organized bodies for scientific study
Tabula Rasa
Concept of the mind as a blank sheet that formulated ideas based on impressions
Cesar’s Beccaria
Wrote Crime and Punishment
Concordet
Sketch of the Progress of the Human Mind
Denis Diderot
Encyclopedia
David Hume
An Inquiry Concerning Human Understanding
John Locke
Two Treatises on Government; Essay on Human Understanding
Montesquieu
Spirit of the Laws; Persian Laws
Rousseau
Social Contract; Emile
Adam Smith
Wealth of Nations
Voltaire
Philosophical letters; Candide
Aristotelian Ptolemaic Cosmology
Geocentric view of the universe that accorded with church teachings
Francis Bacon
Inductive thinker who stressed experimentation in arriving to the truth
Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis
Treaty that ended the Habsburg-Valois Wars
Concordat of Bologna
Francis I agreed to recognize the supremacy of the papacy over a universal council
Huguenots
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Henry of Navarre
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Saint Bartholomew’s Day Massacre
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War of The Three Henrys
A civil conflict among factions led by the Catholic Henry of Guise, Protestant Henry of Navarre, and King Henry III
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Politiques
Small group of moderates of both faiths who believed that only the restoration of strong monarchy could reverse the trend towards collapse
The Edict of Nantes
Published by Henry in 1598 that granted the Huguenots liberty of conscience and liberty of public worship
Union of Utrecht
Seven northern provinces, led by Holland, declared their independence from Spain
Spanish Armada
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Thirty Years War
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Gustavo’s Adolphus
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Peace of Westphalia
1648
Recognized the sovereign, independent authority of more than three hundred German princes, each governing his territory and make peace
Also denied papacy the right to participate in German religious affairs, reducing the role of the church in European politics
Prince Henry “The Navigator”
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