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AP European History > Chapter 13 : Renaissance > Flashcards

Chapter 13 : Renaissance Flashcards

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1
Q

New Monarchs

A

Rulers/leaders who created unification for their nation or stable form of government

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2
Q

Renaissance

A

Period of cultural rebirth focusing on the revival of classical learning/humanism

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3
Q

Lorenzo Valla

A

Italian humanist, philosopher, literary critic known for attacks on medieval Donation of Constantine

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4
Q

Individualism

A

Served as a basis for rational thought and focused around outlook of moral

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5
Q

Codottiere

A

Contracted mercenaries

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6
Q

Rationalism

A

Basis for scientific thought and intellectual context outside of religion

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7
Q

Secularism

A

Thought that is brought up and not based on religious context

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8
Q

Virtu

A

Capabilities of community and its leader and ideal traits necessary for state

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9
Q

Council of Trent

A

Council of Roman Catholic Church prompted by the Protestant Reformation and described as the embodiment for the Counter Reformation

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10
Q

Brethren of Common Life

A

Roman Catholic pietist religious community that focused on meditation and criticism of

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11
Q

Charles V

A

Roman emperor and King of Spain (King of Habsburg)

Conducted the Peace of Augsburg

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12
Q

John Calvin

A

Theologian and journalist who impacted fundamental religion and established Calvinism

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13
Q

Martin Luther

A

Theologian known for the introduction of the Protestant Reformation

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14
Q

Usury

A

Act of lending money with high rates of interest

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15
Q

Peace of Augsburg

A

Treaty between Charles V and Schmalkaldic League ending the religious struggle between the two groups

Made the legal division of Christendom permanent within the Holy Roman Empire

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16
Q

Baroque

A

period of artistic style that exaggerated drama, art, tension, architecture, and music originating in Rome, Italy

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17
Q

John Knox

A

Scottish clergyman, theologian, and leader of the Protestant Reformation

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18
Q

Inquisition

A

Judicial system of Roman Church focused on combatting heresy

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19
Q

Indulgence

A

Full or partial remission of punishment of sin based on fee

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20
Q

Simony

A

Selling of church offices and roles

21
Q

Pluralism

A

Signified diversity of religious views

22
Q

Theocracy

A

Enforced deity as ruler

23
Q

Nepotism

A

Favoritism regarding close relatives

24
Q

Jesuits Secularism

A

Interpretation of secularization being egregious but necessary

25
Q

Index

A

Alphabetical arrangement of material

26
Q

Benvenuto Cellini

A

Florentine sculptor, goldsmith and writer who implemented mannerism

27
Q

Sir Thomas Moore

A

Philosopher, journalist and lawyer known for influencing the utopian genre

28
Q

Humanism

A

Movement that revived Ancient Greek/Roman thoughts and turned
……..

29
Q

Signori/oligarchies

A

Despots or one man rulers/the rule of merchant aristocracies

30
Q

Caesare Borgia

A

He united the peninsula by conquering obedience from the principalities making up the Papal States

31
Q

Which five powers dominated the Italian peninsula?

A

Venice, Milan, Florence, the Papal States, and the kingdom on naples

32
Q

Lorenzo de Medici

A

Italian statesman of the Florentine Republic and a powerful patron of the Renaissance

33
Q

Balance of power

A

When one Italian state appeared to gain a predominant position within the Italian peninsula, other states combined to established a balance against the major threat

34
Q

Dominican friar Girolamo Savonarola

A

1450/1498
Religious leader of Florence and contributed to the fall of the Medici dynasty and paganism

His moral denunciations led to his excommunication and execution

35
Q

Charles’ VIII

A

French king who invaded Italy in 1494

36
Q

Habsburg/Valois wars

A

A series of conflicts that involved Papal States, major states of Western Europe as well as the Ottoman Empire

37
Q

Castiglione

A

Italian diplomat who wrote The Book of The Courtier regarding etiquette and morality

38
Q

Machiavelli

A

Italian Renaissance philosopher and humanist who was an official of the Florentine Republic and a founder of modern political science

39
Q

Who invented the movable type?

A

Johann Gutenberg, Johann fust, Peter schoffer

40
Q

Movable type/printing effects

A

Propaganda spread faster

Stimulated people’s literacy and education

Treaties, battle account, and declarations of war were published

41
Q

Women’s roles

A

Status declined

They earned half wages then men

Main job was reproduction

Must maintain husband and household duties

42
Q

Desiderius Erasmus

A

Dutch Renaissance humanist and classical scholar

He criticized the church using satire

43
Q

Louis XI of France

A

Monarch of the house of Valois who ruled as king of France

1461 - 1483

44
Q

Henry VII of England

A

King of the United Kingdom

45
Q

Charles VII

A

Reconciliated Burgundians and armagnacs

Reorganized Royal council,increasing middle class influence

Strengthened royal finances through taxes

46
Q

Pragmatic sanction of bourges

A

Accerted general counsel superiority over papacy

French crown authority over church

47
Q

Louis XI

A

Monarch of the House of Bourbon who ruled as King of France in the 1640s

48
Q

Royal council

A

Inner circle of nobility that advised Henry VII

AP European History (21 decks)

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