Chapter 13 : Renaissance Flashcards
New Monarchs
Rulers/leaders who created unification for their nation or stable form of government
Renaissance
Period of cultural rebirth focusing on the revival of classical learning/humanism
Lorenzo Valla
Italian humanist, philosopher, literary critic known for attacks on medieval Donation of Constantine
Individualism
Served as a basis for rational thought and focused around outlook of moral
Codottiere
Contracted mercenaries
Rationalism
Basis for scientific thought and intellectual context outside of religion
Secularism
Thought that is brought up and not based on religious context
Virtu
Capabilities of community and its leader and ideal traits necessary for state
Council of Trent
Council of Roman Catholic Church prompted by the Protestant Reformation and described as the embodiment for the Counter Reformation
Brethren of Common Life
Roman Catholic pietist religious community that focused on meditation and criticism of
Charles V
Roman emperor and King of Spain (King of Habsburg)
Conducted the Peace of Augsburg
John Calvin
Theologian and journalist who impacted fundamental religion and established Calvinism
Martin Luther
Theologian known for the introduction of the Protestant Reformation
Usury
Act of lending money with high rates of interest
Peace of Augsburg
Treaty between Charles V and Schmalkaldic League ending the religious struggle between the two groups
Made the legal division of Christendom permanent within the Holy Roman Empire
Baroque
period of artistic style that exaggerated drama, art, tension, architecture, and music originating in Rome, Italy
John Knox
Scottish clergyman, theologian, and leader of the Protestant Reformation
Inquisition
Judicial system of Roman Church focused on combatting heresy
Indulgence
Full or partial remission of punishment of sin based on fee
Simony
Selling of church offices and roles
Pluralism
Signified diversity of religious views
Theocracy
Enforced deity as ruler
Nepotism
Favoritism regarding close relatives
Jesuits Secularism
Interpretation of secularization being egregious but necessary
Index
Alphabetical arrangement of material
Benvenuto Cellini
Florentine sculptor, goldsmith and writer who implemented mannerism
Sir Thomas Moore
Philosopher, journalist and lawyer known for influencing the utopian genre
Humanism
Movement that revived Ancient Greek/Roman thoughts and turned
……..
Signori/oligarchies
Despots or one man rulers/the rule of merchant aristocracies
Caesare Borgia
He united the peninsula by conquering obedience from the principalities making up the Papal States
Which five powers dominated the Italian peninsula?
Venice, Milan, Florence, the Papal States, and the kingdom on naples
Lorenzo de Medici
Italian statesman of the Florentine Republic and a powerful patron of the Renaissance
Balance of power
When one Italian state appeared to gain a predominant position within the Italian peninsula, other states combined to established a balance against the major threat
Dominican friar Girolamo Savonarola
1450/1498
Religious leader of Florence and contributed to the fall of the Medici dynasty and paganism
His moral denunciations led to his excommunication and execution
Charles’ VIII
French king who invaded Italy in 1494
Habsburg/Valois wars
A series of conflicts that involved Papal States, major states of Western Europe as well as the Ottoman Empire
Castiglione
Italian diplomat who wrote The Book of The Courtier regarding etiquette and morality
Machiavelli
Italian Renaissance philosopher and humanist who was an official of the Florentine Republic and a founder of modern political science
Who invented the movable type?
Johann Gutenberg, Johann fust, Peter schoffer
Movable type/printing effects
Propaganda spread faster
Stimulated people’s literacy and education
Treaties, battle account, and declarations of war were published
Women’s roles
Status declined
They earned half wages then men
Main job was reproduction
Must maintain husband and household duties
Desiderius Erasmus
Dutch Renaissance humanist and classical scholar
He criticized the church using satire
Louis XI of France
Monarch of the house of Valois who ruled as king of France
1461 - 1483
Henry VII of England
King of the United Kingdom
Charles VII
Reconciliated Burgundians and armagnacs
Reorganized Royal council,increasing middle class influence
Strengthened royal finances through taxes
Pragmatic sanction of bourges
Accerted general counsel superiority over papacy
French crown authority over church
Louis XI
Monarch of the House of Bourbon who ruled as King of France in the 1640s
Royal council
Inner circle of nobility that advised Henry VII
