Chapter 15 - Radical Reformers, Counter-Reformation, and Wars of Religion. Flashcards
What was a High Church view of Christianity?
A view that maintained the similarity of liturgy and worship style as the Medieval or Catholic Church.
Who held the High Church view?
Reforms such as Luther and Calvin.
Who were the Anabaptists?
People who wanted a simpler church stripped bare of the trappings of centuries of bureaucracy and tradition.
Where did the Anabaptists get their name?
From their belief that infant baptism was wrong and that baptism should only be taken by adults who could Christ as their personal savior.
What did the Anabaptists believe about the High Church view?
That it was still too Catholic when it came to much of its organization, worship, and liturgy.
What did the Anabaptists believe about the role of the Church in the State?
That the Church should not intermix with the State. The state should not have a role in enforcing the Church’s standards and did not think the State had a right to persecute those whose beliefs ran counter to the church.
What did the Anabaptists believe about faith and works?
That faith should be reflected in their works.
What are the three main branches of the Anabaptists?
1) Pacifistic Anabaptism
2) Personal & Contemplatieve Anabaptism.
3) Revolutionary Anabaptism.
Who were two prominent figures in Pacifistic Anabaptism?
Jacob Hutter and Menno Simons.
What did Revolutionary Anabaptism believe?
They believed that they had been called by God to purify the Church and prepare the world or even spark the end of days.
What are the Anabaptists often called?
Radical Reformers.
How did the Anabaptists conceive of the Christian life?
In radically individualistic terms.
What were some of the peculiar beliefs of the Anabaptists?
1) Believer’s Baptism
2) Common Ownership of Property (No Private Property)
3) Total Separation of Church and State
Why were the Anabaptists persecuted by the Protestant Reformers?
Because the rejection of the State’s involvement in the Church was seen as a recipe for chaos. (NOT BECAUSE OF BELIEVER’S BAPTISM.)
What two unlikely forces both opposed the Anabaptists?
Protestants and Catholics.
What are the three supposed origins of the modern Baptist denomination?
1) Developed from the English Separatist movement and English Puritans.
2) The Anabaptists.
3) They existed from the Birth of Christianity. (Spurgeon)
In what nation did Anabaptism find fertile ground?
Germany.
What was an example of the revolutionary ends some Anabaptists used?
The Anabaptist declared Munster a New Jerusalem, invaded the city, caused its inhabitants to flee, and established a theocracy that became oppressive and declared the end of the world.
What happened in response?
The exiled Bishop of Munster led forces to reclaim the city and slaughter the inhabitants and the leadership.
What took place during the Council of Trent?
A Catholic/Counter-Reformation that addressed many of the problems reformers such as Luther pointed out in the RCC.
Where was Protestantism firmly established by the mid-1500s?
Parts of Germany, Scandinavia, Switzerland, France, England, and the Netherlands.
Who were the frontline soldiers of the Counter-Reformation?
The Society of Jesus (Jesuits)
What was the Jesuits three pronged strategy?
1) They established highly disciplined schools to thoroughly educated young people in Roman Catholicism.
2) They engaged in evangelism. (China, Japan, and Americas).
3) They reclaimed land for the Roman Catholic Church in areas such as Poland.
What hardline conservative pope used an Inquisition to stop Protestant sympathizers?
Pope Paul IV.