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Psychology 100B > Chapter 15 Psychological Disorders > Flashcards

Chapter 15 Psychological Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

How many people suffer from mental and/or behavioural disorders

A

450 million

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2
Q

psychological disorders

A

ongoing patterns of thoughts, feelings, and actions that are deviant, distressful, and/or dysfunctional

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3
Q

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

A

marked by the age of 7; three symptoms: extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity

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4
Q

Therapies of pastimes for psychological disorders

A

trephination (drilling holes in skull), removal of teeth, removal of length of large intestine, castration of clitoris

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5
Q

medical model

A

the concept that diseases, in this case psychological disorders, have physical cases that can be diagnosed, treated, and in most cases cured often though treatment in hospital

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6
Q

Schizophrenia

A

a person talks incoherently; hallucinates or has delusions; shoes either little emotion or inappropriate emotion; or is socially withdrawn (worldwide)

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7
Q

DSM-5

A

american psychiatric association’s diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorder, fifth edition, text revision, widely used system to diagnose disorders

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8
Q

anxiety disorders

A

psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviours that reduce anxiety

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9
Q

general anxiety disorder

A

a person is unexplainably and continually tense and uneasy

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10
Q

panic disorder

A

a person experiences sudden episodes of intense dread; an anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable, minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations. Often followed by worry over a possible next attack.

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11
Q

phobias

A

a person feels irrationally and intensely afraid of a specific object or situation

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12
Q

obsessive compulsive disorder

A

a person is troubled by repetitive throughs or actions

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13
Q

post-traumatic stress disorder

A

a person has lingering memories, nightmares, and other symptoms for weeks after a severely threatening, uncontrollable event. previously called ‘shellshocked’ or ‘battle fatigue’

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14
Q

social phobia

A

extreme shyness; intense fear of being scrutinized by others, avoiding potentially embracing social situation

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15
Q

agoraphobia

A

fear or avoidance of situations in which escape might be difficult or help unavailable when panic strikes

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16
Q

trama

A

direct exposure to threatened death or serious injury

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17
Q

post-traumatic growth

A

positive psychological changes as a result of struggling with extremely challenging circumstances and life crisis

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18
Q

The biopsychosocial approach

A

General approach positing that biological, psychological, and social-cultural factors all play a significant role in human functioning in the context of disease or illness

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19
Q

somatoform disorder

A

psychological disorder in which the symptoms take a somatic (bodily) form without apparent physical cause.

20
Q

conversion disorder

A

a rare somatoform disorder in which a person experiences very specific genuine physical symptoms for which no psychological basis can be found

21
Q

hypochondrasis

A

a somatoform disorder in which a person interprets normal physical sensations as symptoms of disease

22
Q

dissociative disorders

A

disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings

23
Q

dissociative identity disorder

A

a rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Formerly called multiple personality disorder

24
Q

mood disorders

A

psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes

25
Q

major depression disorder

A

a mood disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or a medial condition, two or more weeks of significant depressed moods, feelings or worthlessness, and diminished interest or pleasure in most activities

26
Q

mania

A

a mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state

27
Q

bipolar disorder

A

a mood disorder in which the person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania

28
Q

persistent depressive disorder

A

Person experiences mildly depressed mood more often than not for at least two years, along with at least two other symptoms.

29
Q

Social-cognitive perspective

A

Views depression as an ongoing cycle of stressful experiences leading to negative moods and actions and fueling new stressful experiences

30
Q

Comparing the suicide rates of different groups, researchers have found

A

National differences, Racial differences, Gender differences, Age differences and trends, Other group differences, and Day of the week differences

31
Q

Why Do People Who Engage in Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Hurt Themselves?

A

gain relief from intense negative thoughts through the distraction of pain
ask for help and gain attention
relieve guilt by self-punishment
get others to change their negative behavior (bullying, criticism)
fit in with a peer group

32
Q

Chronic Schizophrenia (process schizophrenia)

A

Form of schizophrenia in which symptoms usually appear by late adolescence or early adulthood
As people age, psychotic episodes last longer and recovery periods shorten.

33
Q

Acute schizophrenia ( reactive schizophrenia)

A

Form of schizophrenia that can begin at any age, frequently occurs in response to an emotionally traumatic event, and has extended recovery periods

34
Q

epigenetic

A

study of genetics

35
Q

delusions

A

false beliefs

36
Q

personality disorders

A

Disruptive, inflexible, and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning. This disorder forms three clusters: characterized by anxiety, eccentric or odd behaviors, and dramatic or impulsive behaviours.

37
Q

antisocial personality disorder

A

Lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members; impulsive, fearless, irresponsible; some genetic tendencies, including low arousal

38
Q

Anorexia nervosa

A

Person (usually an adolescent female) maintains a starvation diet despite being significantly underweight

39
Q

Bulimia nervosa

A

Person alternates binge eating (usually of high-calorie foods) with purging (by vomiting or laxative use), fasting, or excessive exercise

40
Q

Binge-eating disorder

A

Significant binge eating, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the purging, fasting, or excessive exercise that marks bulimia nervosa

41
Q

Avoidant personality disorder

A

expresses anxiety, such as fearful sensitivity to rejection

42
Q

Borderline personality disorder

A

causes unstable moods, behavior, and relationships

43
Q

Narcissistic personality disorder

A

exhibits dramatic/ impulsive behaviours, such as self focused and self inflating

44
Q

histrionic personality disorder

A

exhibits dramatic/ impulsive behaviours, such as attention-getting

45
Q

schozoid personality disorder

A

expresses eccentric behaviours, such as emotionless disengagement

46
Q

hallucinations

A

sensory experiences without sensory stimulation

Psychology 100B (4 decks)

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