Chapter 15 - Principles of Green Chemistry ✓

Question 1

1.Prevention.

Answer 1

Its better to prevent the waste than to treat or clean it up after it has been created.

Question 2

2.Atom economy.

Answer 2

Synthetic methods should be designed to maximise the incorporation of all material used in the process into the final product.

Question 3

Define atom economy

Answer 3

Atom economy is a measure of the efficiency of a chemical reaction.

Question 4

3.Less hazardous chemical synthase.

Answer 4

Whenever possible, synthetic methods should be designed to use and generate substances that possess little or no toxicity to human health and the environment.

Question 5

4.Designing safer chemicals

Answer 5

Chemical products should be designed to minimise their toxicity while still maintaining their efficiency.

Question 6

5.Safer solvents and auxiliaries (supporting agents)

Answer 6

The use of auxiliary substances should be made unnecessary whenever possible and innocuous (harmful) when used.

Question 7

6.Designing for energy efficiency.

Answer 7

Energy requirements should be minimised and processes should be conducted at an ambient temperature and pressure whenever possible

Question 8

7.Use of renewable feedstock.

Answer 8

Raw materials should be renewable whenever technically and economically feasible.

Question 9

8.Reduce Derivatives (by-products)

Answer 9

Unnecessary derivatisation should be minimised or avoided if possible because such steps require additional reagents and can generate waste.

Question 10

9.Catalysis (catalysts)

Answer 10

Catalysts are effective in small amounts and can carry out a single reaction many times. They are preferable to stoichiometric reagents, which are used in excess and carry out a reaction only once.

Question 11

10.Design for degradation

Answer 11

Chemical products should be designed so that at the end of their functions, they break into innocuous (harmless) products and do not persist in the environment.

Question 12

11.Real-time analysis for pollution prevention

Answer 12

Analytical methodologies need to be developed to allow real-time, in progress monitoring and control prior to the formation of hazardous substances.

Question 13

12.Inherently safer chemistry for accident preventions

Answer 13

Substances and the form of a substance used in a chemical process should be chosen to minimise the potential for chemical accidents e.g. explosions, fires etc.