Acid and bases flashcards
What is an acid according to the Arrhenius definition?
A substance that produces hydrogen ions (H⁺) in aqueous solution.
What is the difference between strong and weak acids?
Strong acids completely ionise in water, while weak acids only partially ionise.
Give three examples of strong acids.
Hydrochloric acid (HCl), nitric acid (HNO₃), sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄).
What is the difference between a strong base and a weak base?
A strong base completely dissociates in water, while a weak base only partially dissociates.
What is the difference between concentration and strength in acids and bases?
Strength refers to the degree of ionization, while concentration refers to the amount of solute in solution.
What is the Brønsted–Lowry definition of an acid?
A substance that donates protons (H⁺).
What is the Brønsted–Lowry definition of a base?
A substance that accepts protons (H⁺).
What is the acidity constant (Kₐ)?
A measure of the strength of an acid based on its ionization in water.
How does Kₐ value relate to acid strength?
Strong acids have large Kₐ values, while weak acids have small Kₐ values.
What is a polyprotic acid?
An acid that can donate more than one proton, such as H₂SO₄.
