Chapter 15: Nervous coordination and muscles Flashcards
neurone
o
How is the resting state of a neurone maintained?
o
resting potential
o
depolarisation
o
threshold
o
repolarisation
o
refractory period
o
hyperpolarisation
o
All or nothing
o
myelination
o
axon diameter
o
temperature
o
neuromuscular junction
the synapse between a neurone and a muscle
synaptic transmission
o
transmission across a cholinergic synapse
o
spatial summation
o
temporal summation
o
Neurotransmitters are
a) excitatory
b) inhibitory
c) both
C - Neurotransmitters can be excitatory, inhibitory or both
skeletal muscle
o
structure of skeletal muscle
o
smooth muscle
o
sarcomeres
o
sliding filament theory
o
muscle contraction
o
myosin
o
actin filaments
o
phosphocreatine
o
slow twitch
contract slowly
for posture e.g. back muscles
for endurance
work for a long time without fatigue
energy released slowly through aerobic respiration
lots of mitochondria and blood vessels so rich supply of oxygen
lots of myoglobin so reddish in colour
fast twitch
contract very quickly
for fast movement e.g. eyes and leg
short bursts of speed e.g. sprinting
fatigue quickly
energy released quickly through anaerobic respiration using glycogen (stored glucose)
few mitochondria or blood vessels
not much myoglobin so whitish/pale red
myoglobin
a red-pigmented protein that stores oxygen
