Chapter 12: Respiration Flashcards

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1
Q

What is meant by ‘respiration’?

A

Respiration refers to the process of breaking down glucose to provide energy for the cell

Plant and animal cells release the energy stored in glucose

Converting that energy into ATP an immediate source

The energy powers biological processes

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2
Q

What is the equation for respiration?

A

C6H12O6 + 6O26CO2 + 6H2O + energy

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3
Q

What are the 2 types of respiration?

A

The 2 types of respiration are aerobic and anaerobic respiration

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4
Q

True or False: Both aerobic and anaerobic respiration produce ATP

A

True. Although anaerobic respiration produces less ATP than aerobic

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5
Q

Aerobic respiration occurs in which conditions and produces what?

A

Aerobic respiration occurs when oxygen is present/available and produces:

CO2 + water + energy

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6
Q

Anaerobic respiration occurs in which conditions and produces what?

A

Anaerobic respiration occurs when there is no oxygen and produces:

CO2 + ethanol/lactate + energy

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7
Q

What are the stages of respiration?

A

The stages of respiration are:

For aerobic:

  1. Glycolysis
  2. the Link Reaction
  3. the Krebs Cycle
  4. Oxidative phosphorylation

For anaerobic:

  1. Glycolysis
  2. Alcoholic/Lactate fermentation
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8
Q

What is glycolysis?

A

Glycolysis is the first stage in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration

Site: cytoplasm of plant cells

Does not need oxygen - anaerobic process

Pyruvate is made from glucose

One 6-carbon molecule of glucose is split/converted into 2x 3-carbon molecules of pyruvate

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9
Q

Which stage in respiration is shared by aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

A

Glycolysis

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10
Q

Describe what happens in glycolysis.

A

Glucose is phosphorylated to make it more reactive (lowers activation energy for following enzyme controlled reactions)

  • 1 molecule of ATP is hydrolysed
  • Glucose becomes glucose phosphate
  • Another ATP is hydrolysed
  • Glucose phosphate becomes hexose biphosphate
  • Hexose biphosphate splits into 2 molecules of triose phosphate

Each triose phosphate is oxidised to pyruvate by enzyme controlled reactions in which 2 molecules of reduced NAD and 4 molecules of ATP are formed/released

  • TP is oxidised (hydrogen is removed)
  • Forms 2 molecules of pyruvate
  • and 2 molecules of ATP
  • The hydrogen released is picked up by NAD
  • Forming 2x reduced NAD

There is a net gain of 2 ATP molecules because 2 were used up at the start

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11
Q

What happens to the 2 molecules of reduced NAD made from glycolysis?

A

The two molecules go to oxidative phosphorylation.

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12
Q

What happens to the 2 molecules of pyruvate made in glycolysis?

A

The 2 molecules of pyruvate go to the Link reaction and are actively transported into the matrix of the mitochondria

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13
Q

What is the Link Reaction?

A

The second stage of aerobic respiration

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14
Q

Describe what happens in the Link reaction?

A
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15
Q

What is the Krebs cycle?

A
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16
Q

What Is the Purpose of Oxygen in Aerobic Respiration?/The role/ The importance of oxygen in aerobic respiration?

A