Chapter 15 Ideal Gases Flashcards
what is a mole
amount of substance you have
what is the avogadro constant
6.02x10^23
how many particles of a substance are in 1 mole of the substance
6.02x10^23
what is the number of particles equation
N = n x Na
Number of particles = no. moles x avogadro constant
what is kinetic theory
model used to demonstrate the behaviour of atoms or molecules in an ideal gas
what are the six ideal gas assumptions
R- Random motion of particles A- No(negligible) attraction between particles V- Gas occupies a negligible volume E- All collisions are elastic D- Duration of collisions is negligible N- Very large number of particles
what is the pressure-volume gas law equation
p α 1/V –> pV = constant
what is the pressure-volume gas law rule
temperature and mass must remain the constant
what is the pressure-temperature gas law equation
p α T –> p/T = constant
what is the pressure-temperature gas law rule
volume and mass must remain constant
what is the combined ideal gas law equation
(p1V1)/T1 = (p2V2)/T2
what is the full ideal gas law equation
pV =nRT
pressure x volume = moles x molar gas constant x temperature(in K)
what is c^rms
root mean squared speed
how do you calculate crms
square all the speeds
find the mean of the squares
root this mean value
what is the crms gas equation
pV=1/3Nmc^2
what is the first step to deriving pV = 1/3Nmc^2
Change in momentum = 2mc
force = change in momentum / change in time
F = (mc^2) / L
what is the second step to deriving pV = 1/3Nmc^2
only 1/3 of the particles will be moving in this given direction so
F = (Nmc^2)/3L
what is the third and final step to deriving pV = 1/3Nmc^2
p = F/A therefore F = pA
then FL = pV
SO pV = 1/3Nmc^2
what does the maxwell-boltzmann distribution show
the distribution of particles with particular energy states
what is the boltzmann ideal gas equation
pV = NkT
pressure x volume = No.particles x boltzmann constant x temperature(in K)
what is the KE-boltzmann equation
1/2mc^2 = 3/2kT
what is the first step to deriving the KE-boltzmann equation
pV = NkT
pV = 1/3Nmc^2
therefore
NkT = 1/3Nmc^2
what is the second step to deriving the KE-boltzmann equation
Cancel out the N then multiply the mc^2 side by 2/3 to get
2/3 x (1/2mc^2) = kT
what is the third and final step to deriving the KE-boltzmann equation
divide both sides by 2/3 to get
1/2mc^2 = 3/2kT
define internal energy
internal energy = sum of the kinetic and potential energies
