Chapter 14 Thermal Physics Flashcards
what is the triple point of a substance
one specific temperature and pressure where the substance exists in thermal equilibrium and all three phases of matter
what is the zeroeth law of thermodynamics
if two objects are in thermal equilibrium with a third then all three are in thermal equilibrium with each other
what is the absolute temperature scale
temperature scale that uses the triple point of pure water and absolute zero as its fixed points
what is the base SI unit for the absolute temperature scale
Kelvin K
how do you convert from Kelvin to celsius and vice versa
Kelvin –> Celsius
-273
Celsius –> Kelvin
+273
what is the value of absolute zero in both K and C
0K
-273C
what is the kinetic model
a scientific model that demonstrates the arrangement of atoms or molecules for the different phases of matter for a substance
describe the kinetic model of a solid and its properties
atoms are tightly packed in a regular structure
strong electrostatic forces of attraction
atoms vibrate
describe the kinetic model of a liquid and its properties
atoms are close together and fill container
can change position and flow past each other
describe the kinetic model of a gas and its properties
atoms are very far apart
atoms can move freely in random directions at different speeds
how does kinetic energy of the particles change from solid to gas
the kinetic energy of the particles increase
how does potential energy stored in bonds change from solid to gas
the potential energy stored in the bonds increases from solid to gas
what was the brownian motion experiment
in 1827 Robert Brown looked through a microscope and observed the random movements of fine pollen grains floating on water
what does the spacing between particles affect
density of the substance
what is the internal energy of a substance
sum of randomly distributed kinetic and potential energies of atoms or molecules
what two things can increase the internal energy of a substance and how
> temperature increase the KE of a particle because they move faster
when a substance changes phase potential energy increases because the IMF decrease
what is specific heat capacity
energy required per unit mass to change the temperature by 1K
what is the specific heat capacity equation
E = m c Δθ Energy = mass x SHC x change in temp
describe the experiment to determine the SHC of a solid
place block in insulation with hole for heater and thermometer
insert heater and attach to power supply
record the power supplied, initial and final temp, mass of block and time power supplied
describe the experiment to determine the SHC of a liquid
place beaker of liquid in insulated container and cover with lid and place a thermometer in
hookup power supply for heater
record power supplied, change in temp, mass of liquid, time power supplied
what is the first step for method of mixtures
write down all the values you know and use the E = mcθ equation
what is the method of mixture equation
E1 = E2 m1c1θ1 = m2c2θ2
what are the second and third steps for method of mixture
rearrange the method of mixtures equation to find the value you need and then calculate
what is specific latent heat
the amount of energy required to change the phase per unit mass while at constant temperature
what is the specific latent heat equation
E = m L
what is the specific latent heat of fusion
the energy required to melt 1 kg of a solid into its liquid form
what is the specific latent heat of vaporisation
energy required to boil 1 kg of a liquid into is gaseous form
