Chapter 15: Genetic Engineering Flashcards

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1
Q

What is engineering?

A

using science and math to make something that solves a problem

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2
Q

What is genetic engineering?

A

changing genetic material to change an organism’s characteristics

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3
Q

What is artificial selection?

A

humans selection of desirable characteristic in an organism to breed

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4
Q

What is selective breeding?

A

only letting select organisms breed

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5
Q

What are the two types of selective breeding?

A

hybridization & inbreeding

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6
Q

What is hybridization?

A

crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together the best of both organisms

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7
Q

What is inbreeding

A

continued breeding of individuals with similar characteristics

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8
Q

What is cloning?

A

genetically identical organism from donated body cell

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9
Q

What is gene therapy?

A

replacement of a defective gene with a working one

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10
Q

What is a vector?

A

carrier

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11
Q

What is a genetically modified organism (GMO)?

A

organism that has had a gene implanted from another source

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12
Q

What is recombinant DNA?

A

DNA combined from two or more sources

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13
Q

What is a transgenic?

A

an organism with DNA from another species

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14
Q

What is plasmid?

A

secondary source of DNA in many types of bacteria, shared between bacterium

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15
Q

In the recombinant DNA technique, what cuts the plasmid?

A

restriction enzyme

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16
Q

In the recombinant DNA technique, what pastes the new gene?

A

liagase enzyme

17
Q

What does the recombinant DNA technique create?

A

transgenic (anything)