Chapter 15: Freshwater Systems and Resources

Question 1

Aquifers

Answer 1

Porous, sponge-like formations of rock, sand, or gravel that hold water

Question 2

Zone of aeration vs zone of saturation

Answer 2

Aeration has pores w some water, zone of saturation full of it

Question 3

Water table

Answer 3

Boundary between Zones of aeration and saturation

Question 4

Confined Aquifer

Answer 4

Water-bearing layer of rock trapped between layers of less permeable substrates

Question 5

Unconfined aquifer

Answer 5

No impermeable upper layer

Question 6

Tributary

Answer 6

Smaller river flowing into larger one

Question 7

Watershed/drainage basin

Answer 7

Areas of land drained by a river system

Question 8

Braided river

Answer 8

Steeply sloped region and carries lots of sediments flowing as interconnected series

Question 9

Meandering River

Answer 9

Fore of water rounding a bend gradually eats outer shore, sediment deposited along inside of bend

Question 10

Floodplain

Answer 10

Area near rivers course flood periodically, very fertile

Question 11

Littoral zone

Answer 11

nutrient rich edges of water body where shallow enough for plants to grow in water but sprout above

Question 12

Benthic zone

Answer 12

Shore to deepest point

Question 13

Limnetic zone

Answer 13

Sunlight able to penetrate/be used by animals

Question 14

Profundal zone

Answer 14

No sunlight reaching

Question 15

Oligotrophic

Answer 15

Low nutrient, high oxygen

Question 16

Eutrophic

Answer 16

High nutrient, low oxygen

Question 17

Wetlands

Answer 17

Soil is saturated with water and hsas shallow sstanding water with ample vegetation

Question 18

Freshwater marges

Answer 18

Plants grow above water surface

Question 19

Swamps

Answer 19

Same as marsh, except in forested areas

Question 20

Bogs

Answer 20

Thick, floating mats of vegetation

Question 21

Vernal pools

Answer 21

Seasonal wetland

Question 22

Water mining

Answer 22

Withdrawing water faster than it can be replenished