chapter 15 definitions

Question 1

medicinal plant

Answer 1

describes plant extracts that have a biological impact on the body. Many extracts are available in pharmacies in the forms of drugs or ointments.

Question 2

solvent extraction

Answer 2

a separation process that involves a liquid and a solid. A solid object (the plant) is placed in contact with a liquid (the solvent).

Question 3

steam distillation (of plants)

Answer 3

molecules of interest in the leaves are extracted in a passage of steam.

Question 4

primary structure (of proteins)

Answer 4

the number, type and sequence of the amino acid units in a protein.

Question 5

peptide link

Question 6

a-helix

Question 7

b-pleated sheet

Question 8

secondary structure

Question 9

zwitterion

Question 10

tertiary structure (of proteins)

Answer 10

the overall 3-dimensional shape adopted by a protein molecule.

Question 11

hydrophobic

Question 12

quaternary structure (of proteins)

Question 13

enzyme

Answer 13

the biological catalysts that accelerate the rate of chemical reactions in cells.

Question 14

active site

Question 15

substrate

Question 16

optimum temperature

Question 17

deactivated

Question 18

denatured

Question 19

optimum pH

Question 20

optical isomers

Question 21

stereoisomer

Question 22

chiral

Question 23

achiral

Question 24

plane of symmetry

Question 25

enantiomers

Answer 25

a pair of chiral molecules

Question 26

chiral centre

Answer 26

a carbon atom attached to 4 different groups

Question 27

virions

Question 28

non-competitive inhibitor

Answer 28

functions by changing the shape of an enzyme so that it no longer catalyses a detrimental reaction in the body.

Question 29

competitive enzyme inhibitor

Question 30

lock-and-key mechanism