chapter 11 word definitions Flashcards
substitution reaction
occurs when an atom or functional group in a molecule is replaced by another atom or group.
reactions of halogens with alkanes (F, Br, Cl, I)
-Fluorine reacts explosively, even when cold and in the dark.
-Cl and Br will not react in the dark, but will react when provided w/ energy from UV light or a flame.
-Iodine tends not to react with alkanes at all.
addition reaction
Chemical reaction where one molecule combines with another to form a larger molecule with no other products.
inorganic product
A compound that consists of elements other than carbon. However, certain compounds of carbon, such as CO2 and carbonates are also classified as inorganic.
hydration reaction
A reaction that involves water as a reactant. eg addition of water (steam) to alkene to produce a primary alcohol.
esterification
The chemical reaction between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid to form an ester as the main product and water.
condensation reaction
2 molecules react to form a larger molecule and a smaller molecule such as water is released.
transesterification
the conversion of one ester into another ester
hydrolysis
A reaction involving the breaking of a bond in a molecule using water as a reactant. 2 smaller molecules are usually formed. Aka a hydrolytic reaction.
what does a reaction pathway do?
it summarises the reactions required to produce a product from simple starting materials.
yield
A measure of the efficiency of converting reactants into pure products.
theoretical yield
the maximum amount of product that can be formed using stoichiometric ratios of the limiting reactant and assumes 100% conversion.
actual yield
the amount of desired product that is obtained at the end of the reaction.
percentage yield
the percentage of starting material that gets converted to a product.
atom economy
A measure of the percentage of the atoms in the reactants that end up in the desired product.
