Chapter 15 Darwin's theory of evolution Flashcards
A well supported testable explanation of phenomena that have occured in the natural world.
Theory
Change over time. The process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms.
Evolution
What was the name of Darwin’s ship?
H.M.S Beagle
Preserved remains of ancient organisms.
Fossils
What island did Darwin visit that most influenced his theory?
Galacapos Islands
What did Darwin discover from the Galacapos islands?
That the characteristic of animals and plants varied noticeably among the different islands of the Galapgos
What did Hutton and Lyell do?
They helped scientists recognize that Earth is many millions of years old, and the process that changed Earth in the past are the same processes that operate in the present.
What was Hutton’s hypothesis?
That the earth had to be much more than a few thousand years old, becuase the resulting or rocks, mountains, and valleys are shaped by a variety of natural forces which operate very slowy.
What did Lyell’s book (Principles of geology) explain?
That processes occuring now have shaped Earth’s geological features
How did Lyell influence Darwin?
He fot an idea that since Earth changes over time mighltmlife do the same? Also he realized that it would’ve taken life a long time to change.
What did Hutton and Lyell do?
They helped scientists recognize that Earth is many millions of years old, and the process that changed Earth in the past are the same processes that operate in the present.
What was Hutton’s hypothesis?
That the earth had to be much more than a few thousand years old, becuase the resulting or rocks, mountains, and valleys are shaped by a variety of natural forces which operate very slowy.
What did Lyell’s book (Principles of geology) explain?
That processes occuring now have shaped Earth’s geological features
How did Lyell influence Darwin?
He fot an idea that since Earth changes over time mighltmlife do the same? Also he realized that it would’ve taken life a long time to change.
What was. lamrack’s hypothesis?
He proposed that by selective or use disuse or organs, organisms acquire or lost certain traits during their lifetime. these traits could then be passed down to their offspring. Over time, this process led to change in a species.
What was Malthus perspective on population growth?
He reasoned that if the human population continued to grow unchecked, sooner or later there would be insufficient food and living space for everyone.
What is the artificial slection?
In artificial selection, nature provided the variation and humans selected those variations that they found useful
What is struggle for existance?
Members of each species compete regularly to obtain food, living space and necessities in life.
The ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in its specific enviroment.
Fitness
Any inherited characteristic that increases an organism’s chance of survival
Adaptation
Each living thing has descended with changes from other species over time
Descent with modification
All species, living or extinct, were deriverd from common ancestor
Common descent
4 evidence of evolution by Darwin
-Fossil
-Geographic Distribution of Living Species
Homologous body structure
-Similarities in Embryology
Structures that have different mature forms but develop from the same embryonic tissues.
Homologous Structures
