Chapter 15: Crime Prevention Flashcards
What is crime prevention?
Any pre-emptive intervention intended to block or reduce the risk of a criminal act occurring or the onset of criminal behaviour within an individual.
Crime prevention is ___, not ___.
Proactive, retroactive.
What does it mean when it is said that crime prevention is proactive?
Tries to anticipate and prevent crime, rather than deal with it after the fact.
Crime prevention involves a problem-oriented approach that stresses ___ and ___.
Flexibility, individualism.
Crime prevention emphasizes citizen involvement and responsibility as opposed to ___ ___.
State control.
Meaningful partnerships are key to ___ ___.
Crime prevention.
Who is central to crime prevention?
The community.
Crime prevention prioritizes ___ social control over ___ social control.
Informal, formal.
Crime prevention focuses on ___ victims and offenders.
Potential.
Conventional CJS aims to control individuals through punishments to change the individual, while crime prevention is about working to…
Improve the functioning of that individual.
Conventional CJS aims to control individuals through punishments to change the individual, while crime prevention is about working to…
Improve the functioning of that individual.
What are the 4 dominant crime prevention approaches?
- Crime Prevention through Social Development (CPSD).
- Situational Crime Prevention (SCP).
- Community Crime Prevention (CCP).
- Community and Problem-Oriented Policing.
What crime prevention approach focuses on root causes?
CPSD (Crime Prevention through Social Development).
What is the main focus of CPSD?
Root causes. Focus on risks and mitigating them, but at the same time strengthening and enhancing protective factors. Develops risk-focused interventions; enhances protective factors.
What are examples of social risks that are remedied in CPSD?
Poverty, low education, poor role models.
What are examples of personal risks that are remedied in CPSD?
Learning disabilities, anger management issues, mental health problems.
What are protective factors?
Implement things that will encourage good health and well-being.
Give some examples of protective factors.
- Pro-social influences.
- Healthy relationships with parents and teachers.
- Healthy neighbourhoods.
Give some examples of protective factors.
- Pro-social influences.
- Healthy relationships with parents and teachers.
- Healthy neighbourhoods.
What crime prevention approach focuses on opportunities?
SCP (Situational Crime Prevention).
What is the main idea behind situational crime prevention?
Try to reduce opportunities for crime. Environmental design.
Give examples of how environmental design decreases crime.
Keeping areas free of litter or graffiti, promoting use of public spaces like parks, having good lighting, having locked security gates.
What are the 3 hypothesis related to crime?
- Crime involves motivated offenders and potential victims coming together at a particular time or place (Routine Activities Theory).
- Crime is opportunistic.
- Criminal behaviour involves a rational decision-making process (cost-benefit analysis).
What is Routine Activities Theory?
Crime involves motivated offenders and potential victims coming together at a particular time or place.
SCP aims to increase the ___ required by the offender by installing better locks, with better lighting, or with fewer places to hide.
Effort.
SCP can also increase the ___ to the offender for detection and apprehension.
Risk.
SCP can also involve reducing the ___ for offenders.
Rewards.
SCP can also involve removing people’s ___ to commit crimes.
Excuses.
Stores prominently displaying signs outlining punishment is an example of using ___ to reduce excuses.
SCP.
SCP can also reduce ___ by reducing people’s levels of frustration or stress that lead to crime.
Provocations.
What are the 2 models within Community Crime Prevention?
Community Defence and Community Development .
What is Community Defence?
Motivating and mobilizing people to have a stake in their community- to make them care what happens in their community.
What is the most well known example of Community Defence?
Neighbourhood Watch.
What is Community Development?
Helping to create healthy communities. Promotes the physical, social, and socioeconomic development of an neighbourhood.
What is collective efficacy?
Creating a sense of responsibility and community.
What crime prevention model utilizes collective efficacy?
CCP.
Why does collective efficacy decrease crime?
People will not be tolerant of rule breakers because they have a stake in that community.
Why does collective efficacy decrease crime?
People will not be tolerant of rule breakers because they have a stake in that community.
Which crime prevention model utilizes problem solving?
Community and Problem-Oriented Policing.
___ aims to protect the safety and security of the community through partnerships.
Community and Problem-Oriented Policing.
In the Community and Problem-Oriented Policing model, the ___ identifies problems, and work with ___ to come up with solutions.
Community, police.
Which crime prevention model is about informal social control, and community managing (not the CJS)?
Community and Problem-Oriented Policing.
Which crime-prevention model involves the problem-oriented approach?
Community and Problem-Oriented Policing.
If you do not focus on problems, it is just…
Public relations.
When implementing the Community and Problem-Oriented Policing model, you must be open to ___, and evaluating ___.
What is working and what is not, the effectiveness of your strategies.
