Chapter 15: Crime Prevention Flashcards

1
Q

What is crime prevention?

A

Any pre-emptive intervention intended to block or reduce the risk of a criminal act occurring or the onset of criminal behaviour within an individual.

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2
Q

Crime prevention is ___, not ___.

A

Proactive, retroactive.

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3
Q

What does it mean when it is said that crime prevention is proactive?

A

Tries to anticipate and prevent crime, rather than deal with it after the fact.

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4
Q

Crime prevention involves a problem-oriented approach that stresses ___ and ___.

A

Flexibility, individualism.

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5
Q

Crime prevention emphasizes citizen involvement and responsibility as opposed to ___ ___.

A

State control.

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6
Q

Meaningful partnerships are key to ___ ___.

A

Crime prevention.

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7
Q

Who is central to crime prevention?

A

The community.

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8
Q

Crime prevention prioritizes ___ social control over ___ social control.

A

Informal, formal.

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9
Q

Crime prevention focuses on ___ victims and offenders.

A

Potential.

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10
Q

Conventional CJS aims to control individuals through punishments to change the individual, while crime prevention is about working to…

A

Improve the functioning of that individual.

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11
Q

Conventional CJS aims to control individuals through punishments to change the individual, while crime prevention is about working to…

A

Improve the functioning of that individual.

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12
Q

What are the 4 dominant crime prevention approaches?

A
  1. Crime Prevention through Social Development (CPSD).
  2. Situational Crime Prevention (SCP).
  3. Community Crime Prevention (CCP).
  4. Community and Problem-Oriented Policing.
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13
Q

What crime prevention approach focuses on root causes?

A

CPSD (Crime Prevention through Social Development).

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14
Q

What is the main focus of CPSD?

A

Root causes. Focus on risks and mitigating them, but at the same time strengthening and enhancing protective factors. Develops risk-focused interventions; enhances protective factors.

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15
Q

What are examples of social risks that are remedied in CPSD?

A

Poverty, low education, poor role models.

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16
Q

What are examples of personal risks that are remedied in CPSD?

A

Learning disabilities, anger management issues, mental health problems.

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17
Q

What are protective factors?

A

Implement things that will encourage good health and well-being.

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18
Q

Give some examples of protective factors.

A
  • Pro-social influences.
  • Healthy relationships with parents and teachers.
  • Healthy neighbourhoods.
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19
Q

Give some examples of protective factors.

A
  • Pro-social influences.
  • Healthy relationships with parents and teachers.
  • Healthy neighbourhoods.
20
Q

What crime prevention approach focuses on opportunities?

A

SCP (Situational Crime Prevention).

21
Q

What is the main idea behind situational crime prevention?

A

Try to reduce opportunities for crime. Environmental design.

22
Q

Give examples of how environmental design decreases crime.

A

Keeping areas free of litter or graffiti, promoting use of public spaces like parks, having good lighting, having locked security gates.

23
Q

What are the 3 hypothesis related to crime?

A
  1. Crime involves motivated offenders and potential victims coming together at a particular time or place (Routine Activities Theory).
  2. Crime is opportunistic.
  3. Criminal behaviour involves a rational decision-making process (cost-benefit analysis).
24
Q

What is Routine Activities Theory?

A

Crime involves motivated offenders and potential victims coming together at a particular time or place.

25
Q

SCP aims to increase the ___ required by the offender by installing better locks, with better lighting, or with fewer places to hide.

A

Effort.

26
Q

SCP can also increase the ___ to the offender for detection and apprehension.

A

Risk.

27
Q

SCP can also involve reducing the ___ for offenders.

A

Rewards.

28
Q

SCP can also involve removing people’s ___ to commit crimes.

A

Excuses.

29
Q

Stores prominently displaying signs outlining punishment is an example of using ___ to reduce excuses.

A

SCP.

30
Q

SCP can also reduce ___ by reducing people’s levels of frustration or stress that lead to crime.

A

Provocations.

31
Q

What are the 2 models within Community Crime Prevention?

A

Community Defence and Community Development .

32
Q

What is Community Defence?

A

Motivating and mobilizing people to have a stake in their community- to make them care what happens in their community.

33
Q

What is the most well known example of Community Defence?

A

Neighbourhood Watch.

34
Q

What is Community Development?

A

Helping to create healthy communities. Promotes the physical, social, and socioeconomic development of an neighbourhood.

35
Q

What is collective efficacy?

A

Creating a sense of responsibility and community.

36
Q

What crime prevention model utilizes collective efficacy?

A

CCP.

37
Q

Why does collective efficacy decrease crime?

A

People will not be tolerant of rule breakers because they have a stake in that community.

38
Q

Why does collective efficacy decrease crime?

A

People will not be tolerant of rule breakers because they have a stake in that community.

39
Q

Which crime prevention model utilizes problem solving?

A

Community and Problem-Oriented Policing.

40
Q

___ aims to protect the safety and security of the community through partnerships.

A

Community and Problem-Oriented Policing.

41
Q

In the Community and Problem-Oriented Policing model, the ___ identifies problems, and work with ___ to come up with solutions.

A

Community, police.

42
Q

Which crime prevention model is about informal social control, and community managing (not the CJS)?

A

Community and Problem-Oriented Policing.

43
Q

Which crime-prevention model involves the problem-oriented approach?

A

Community and Problem-Oriented Policing.

44
Q

If you do not focus on problems, it is just…

A

Public relations.

45
Q

When implementing the Community and Problem-Oriented Policing model, you must be open to ___, and evaluating ___.

A

What is working and what is not, the effectiveness of your strategies.