Chapter 12: Populations in Focus Flashcards
The CSC considers those over __ to be “older” offenders.
50.
What percentage of incarcerated offenders is 50 or over?
20%.
Due to an aging population, the proportion of older offenders is ___.
Increasing.
Due to an aging population, the proportion of older offenders is ___.
Increasing.
About __% of older offenders were incarcerated from when they were young, and __% have been in and out of prison all their lives.
10, 17.
__% of older offenders are serving their first prison sentence and finding it difficult to adjust to prison life.
73.
What types of crime are more likely committed by older populations, and as a result are less affected by demographic shifts?
Sexual assault and driving while intoxicated.
How is physical health an issue for older offenders?
Aging process is accelerated in prison, and may not have had medical or dental care on the outside as they are often from low socio-economic statuses. More likely to experience chronic health problems and experience them earlier. May have mobility or sensory impairments, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, and may be issues of palliative care.
What are some social and safety challenges in incarcerating older offenders?
Stress of incarceration is amplified by age, vulnerable to threats by younger offenders, lack of appropriate programming, and employment and vocational training makes no sense.
The CSC created an older offender division in ___.
2000.
What are some recommendations made concerning the treatment of older offenders?
Appropriately trained and experienced staff, accommodating older prison population, and a national older offender strategy.
Female offenders make up a very ___ proportion of the prison population.
Small.
Rates for the percentage of female inmates is ___.
Increasing.
Rates for the percentage of female inmates is ___.
Increasing.
Where were female offenders initially sent?
Kingston Penitentiary.
What was opened to replace Kingston as a women’s institution?
P4W.
What were some complaints filed against P4W?
- Issues of separation from family.
- Complaints about a serious lack of programming for women.
- Issues with the over-classification of women.
- Concerns raised about the various abuses within the institution.
What was the name of the report in 1990 that called for the closure of the P4W and the construction of 5 new regional facilities located throughout the countries in addition to 1 new healing lodge?
Creating Choices.
What were some key principles of the recommendations made by Creating Choices?
Empowerment, meaningful and responsible choices, respect and dignity, supportive environments, and shared responsibility.
What was the problem with the recommendations made by Creating Choices?
There were no clearly defined measures.
What were some problems with the new women’s regional centres?
They could not accommodate maximum-security prisoners properly, and did not recognize that women could be high risk.
What were some problems with the new women’s regional centres?
They could not accommodate maximum-security prisoners properly, and did not recognize that women could be high risk.
What types of crime are committed by female offenders?
Non-violent, property, and drug offences.
Women are more likely than men to be ___ on admission.
Unemployed.
1/3 of provincial and 1/2 of female federal inmates have completed no more than grade _.
9.
Female offenders are disproportionally ___.
Aboriginal.
2/3 of female federal inmates are ___.
Mothers.
Up to 90% of female federal inmates report having been…
Sexually or physically abused.
Substance use is estimated at over __% for female federal inmates.
90.
Almost 25% of female inmates engage in…
Self-Injurious behaviour.
Female inmates are _ times more likely to be diagnosed with depression than men.
3.
In prisons, there is a great deal of variation in ___ identity.
Gender.
How are homosexual individuals treated in prison?
Homophobic practices are common.
What is an argument stated for segregating gays?
It is done for safety.
How are transgendered inmates treated in prison?
- Rampant homophobia.
- Verbal, physical, or sexual assault by other inmates or staff.
- More likely to be diagnosed with a mental disorder.
- Suffer from alcohol or drug abuse.
- History of suicidal thoughts.
- 40% have worked in sex trade.
- 60=80% are HIV-positive.
What is Canada’s policy on GID?
Inmates may be recognized as transgendered if they have been assessed and diagnosed by an expert in GID; inmates may initiate or continue with hormone therapy while incarcerated and may be permitted to cross-dress; pre-operative inmates will be housed in a facility consistent with their birth sex.
In rare cases, the CSC will pay for an inmate to have ___ ___ surgery.
Sex-reassignment.
Offenders who abuse drugs and alcohol tend to mirror the general population’s usage, but…
The problems they experience tend to be more frequent and more serious.
What percentage of crimes can be attributed to the use of alcohol and/or illicit substances?
40-50%.
