Chapter 15: Clinical Disorders Flashcards
3 Criteria for Abnormality
deviance (breaking social norms), distress (anxiety), maladaptive (hurting themselves or others)
History of Abnormalities
superstition (many cultures believed that mental illness was caused by ungodly powers), organic causes (biological reasoning, not demons), compassionate care (ethical aspects), medicalization (pills now)
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
(ANXIETY) chronic, high-level, unspecific to a certain event, cannot function ideally
Panic Disorder
(ANXIETY) recurrent panic attacks with physiological intensity and side effects
Phobias
(ANXIETY) specific/overwhelming fears, persistent and irrational, real or imaginative
Social Anxiety
(ANXIETY) excessive anticipation and distress, concern about embarrassment, and multiple social situations, must persist for at least six months
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
(ANXIETY) long-term trauma, uncontrollable flashbacks, reliving experiences that have caused the trauma
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
(ANXIETY) persistent obsessions (uncontrollable)
Hoarding Disorder
(ANXIETY) distress over losing items, no matter their value or use of them; occurs when the clutter interferes with life in general
Mood Related Disorders
cause emotional distress, by sadness and hopelessness, biological factors and life events
Major Depression Disorder
(MOOD) persistent feelings of sadness, irritability, anger and brooding, ruminations
Bipolar Disorder
(MOOD) depression and mania/hypomania - extreme mental state swings and delusions
Eating Disorders
Anorexia Nervosa
Bulimia Nervosa
Orthorexia
Binge Eating
(MOOD) sourced from perfectionism and control, dangerous and detrimental to health as it has high fatality rates
anorexia nervosa: intense fear of gaining weight, bodily problems. the most fatal mental illness
bulimia nervosa: binging and purging behavior, guilt, and impulsivity, leads to serious health problems
orthorexia: severe food restrictions, but not always based on appearance
binge-eating disorder: rapid eating leading to embarrassment
Conduct Disorders
persistent dramatic anger with low impulse control and negative relationships, can be biological or situational
Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)
(CONDUCT) childhood disorder, loses temper and easily annoyed, argues with authority figures and interferes with relationships and learning
Conduct Disorder
(CONDUCT) bullying, threatening, intimidating, and fighting, usually cruelty against people and animals
Manias and Pyromania
(CONDUCT) intense pleasure and gratification through socially unacceptable, dangerous, harmful, and not motivated by money.
pyromania: the obsessive desire to set things on fire
Schizophrenia
fragmented though and breaking from reality, delusions, hallucinations, blunted emotions, social withdrawal, low self-care skills, deteriorated thought, disorganized speech (lots of clang - use of words in speech that sound similar but have no connection or meaning)
Dissociative Disorders (Amnesia and Identity)
dissociative amnesia (loss of name, families, memories) and dissociative identity (unaware of your own personalities and each other)
Personality Disorders
Narcissist
Borderline
extreme, inflexible personality traits, highly manipulative, different types:
narcissistic: preoccupation with self, grandiose delusions, intolerant to criticism
borderline: unstable and impulsive, self-image problems, mood swings, relationship failure
Developmental Disorders and Examples
childhood onset with language and learning
ADHD: attention deficit, hyperactivity
autism spectrum disorder: social interaction, repetitive, rigidity in routine, hypersensitivity, biologically caused
