Chapter 15: Clinical Disorders

Question 1

3 Criteria for Abnormality

Answer 1

deviance (breaking social norms), distress (anxiety), maladaptive (hurting themselves or others)

Question 2

History of Abnormalities

Answer 2

superstition (many cultures believed that mental illness was caused by ungodly powers), organic causes (biological reasoning, not demons), compassionate care (ethical aspects), medicalization (pills now)

Question 3

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Answer 3

(ANXIETY) chronic, high-level, unspecific to a certain event, cannot function ideally

Question 4

Panic Disorder

Answer 4

(ANXIETY) recurrent panic attacks with physiological intensity and side effects

Question 5

Phobias

Answer 5

(ANXIETY) specific/overwhelming fears, persistent and irrational, real or imaginative

Question 6

Social Anxiety

Answer 6

(ANXIETY) excessive anticipation and distress, concern about embarrassment, and multiple social situations, must persist for at least six months

Question 7

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

Answer 7

(ANXIETY) long-term trauma, uncontrollable flashbacks, reliving experiences that have caused the trauma

Question 8

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Answer 8

(ANXIETY) persistent obsessions (uncontrollable)

Question 9

Hoarding Disorder

Answer 9

(ANXIETY) distress over losing items, no matter their value or use of them; occurs when the clutter interferes with life in general

Question 10

Mood Related Disorders

Answer 10

cause emotional distress, by sadness and hopelessness, biological factors and life events

Question 11

Major Depression Disorder

Answer 11

(MOOD) persistent feelings of sadness, irritability, anger and brooding, ruminations

Question 12

Bipolar Disorder

Answer 12

(MOOD) depression and mania/hypomania - extreme mental state swings and delusions

Question 13

Eating Disorders
Anorexia Nervosa
Bulimia Nervosa
Orthorexia
Binge Eating

Answer 13

(MOOD) sourced from perfectionism and control, dangerous and detrimental to health as it has high fatality rates
anorexia nervosa: intense fear of gaining weight, bodily problems. the most fatal mental illness
bulimia nervosa: binging and purging behavior, guilt, and impulsivity, leads to serious health problems
orthorexia: severe food restrictions, but not always based on appearance
binge-eating disorder: rapid eating leading to embarrassment

Question 14

Conduct Disorders

Answer 14

persistent dramatic anger with low impulse control and negative relationships, can be biological or situational

Question 15

Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)

Answer 15

(CONDUCT) childhood disorder, loses temper and easily annoyed, argues with authority figures and interferes with relationships and learning

Question 16

Conduct Disorder

Answer 16

(CONDUCT) bullying, threatening, intimidating, and fighting, usually cruelty against people and animals

Question 17

Manias and Pyromania

Answer 17

(CONDUCT) intense pleasure and gratification through socially unacceptable, dangerous, harmful, and not motivated by money.
pyromania: the obsessive desire to set things on fire

Question 18

Schizophrenia

Answer 18

fragmented though and breaking from reality, delusions, hallucinations, blunted emotions, social withdrawal, low self-care skills, deteriorated thought, disorganized speech (lots of clang - use of words in speech that sound similar but have no connection or meaning)

Question 19

Dissociative Disorders (Amnesia and Identity)

Answer 19

dissociative amnesia (loss of name, families, memories) and dissociative identity (unaware of your own personalities and each other)

Question 20

Personality Disorders
Narcissist
Borderline

Answer 20

extreme, inflexible personality traits, highly manipulative, different types:
narcissistic: preoccupation with self, grandiose delusions, intolerant to criticism
borderline: unstable and impulsive, self-image problems, mood swings, relationship failure

Question 21

Developmental Disorders and Examples

Answer 21

childhood onset with language and learning
ADHD: attention deficit, hyperactivity
autism spectrum disorder: social interaction, repetitive, rigidity in routine, hypersensitivity, biologically caused