Chapter 15 Civilization terms

Question 1

Old World civilizations

Answer 1

Mesopotamia (Sumerians, City states, Ziggurat, Cuneiform, Gilgamesh, Territorial state, and Hammurabi), Egypt (Pharaoh, Hieroglyphics, Falence, and Tutankhamen), Indus, and Northern China (Xia, Shang/Yin Dynasty, Divination, Qin Shi Huangdi, and Zhou).

Question 2

Sumerians

Answer 2

Earliest civilizaiton of Mesopotamia.

Question 3

City states

Answer 3

Autonomous political units formed by urban centers, in Tigris Euphrates Valley.

Question 4

Ziggurat

Answer 4

Late Sumerian mud brick temple pyramid, size of football field.

Question 5

Gilgamesh

Answer 5

King & culture hero of Uruk, had many marvelous adventures.

Question 6

Territorial state

Answer 6

Political organization with +1 capital, cities tended to house elite & administrative classes, food producers usually lived and worked in surrounding land.

Question 7

Hammurabi

Answer 7

Babylonian King 1.8-1.75 kya, ‘eye for eye’ code of law.

Question 8

Pharaoh

Answer 8

Supreme power of society.

Question 9

Hieroglyphics

Answer 9

Pictographic script writing system is Egyptian form but Mesopotamian inspiration, signs use ideas to represent and sounds to indicate.

Question 10

Falence

Answer 10

Fusing powdered quartz, soda ash, and copper ore in kiln, was molded into beads/statues as popular trade item.

Question 11

(King) Tutankhamen

Answer 11

New Kingdom pharaoh, died 3.3 kya at 19 in Valley of Kings.

Question 12

Xia Dynasty

Answer 12

Early Chinese kingdom or dynasty.

Question 13

Shang/Yin Dynasty

Answer 13

1st historic civilization with multiple cities in north China.

Question 14

Qin Shi Huangdi

Answer 14

1st emperor of unified China, has life size clay sculptures of warriors and horses.

Question 15

Zhou Dynasty

Answer 15

Ruled from 1122-221 BC, Chinese dynasty after Shang dynasty.

Question 16

New World civilizations

Answer 16

Lowland Mesoamerica (Mesoamerica, Olmec, Polities, Anthropomorphic, Glyphs, Maya, Stelae, and Codices), Highland Mesoamerica (Valley of Mexico, Toltecs, Mexica, Aztecs, and Tenochtitlan), and Peru (Huaca del Sol, Polychrome, and Chimor).

Question 17

Mesoamerica

Answer 17

Geographical and cultural region from central Mexico to northwest Coasta Rica, in archaeological literature is Middle America.

Question 18

Olmec

Answer 18

3.2-2.4 kya prehistoric chiefdom hierarchy in Gulf Coast of Veracruz and Tabasco (Mexico), 1st cities were San Lorenzo and La Venta.

Question 19

Polities

Answer 19

Political organization of societies or groups.

Question 20

Anthropomorphic (man shape)

Answer 20

Having or being given human like characteristics.

Question 21

Maya

Answer 21

Mesoamerican culture with regional kingdoms known for art and architectural accomplishments, Native American ethnic group of Guatemala, south Mexico, and Belize.

Question 22

Stelae

Answer 22

Vertical post or stone often with inscriptions.

Question 23

Codices (codex)

Answer 23

Illustrated book(s)

Question 24

Valley of Mexico (Mexico City)

Answer 24

2 mountain ranges for 3 K square miles.

Question 25

Toltecs

Answer 25

Central Mexican highlands where people created pre Aztec empire with capital at Tula in Valley of Mexico.

Question 26

Mexica

Answer 26

Original name which Aztecs were known by before rise to power.

Question 27

Aztecs

Answer 27

Militaristic people who dominated Valley of Mexico and surrounding area at time of European conquest.

Question 28

Tenochtitlan

Answer 28

Aztec capital in Mexico City.

Question 29

Huaca del Sol (Pyramid of Sun, north Peru)

Answer 29

Big adobe pyramid built at Moche.

Question 30

Polychrome

Answer 30

Multicolor, ceramics represent portraits, buildings, daily life, or imaginative fantasies.

Question 31

Chimor

Answer 31

Powerful culture dominating coast between 1-500 kya.