Chapter 15 Civilization sites Flashcards

1
Q

Old World civilizations

A

Near East (Uruk and Ur), Egypt (Hierakonpolis, Memphis, Giza, and Valley of Kings), Asia (Mohenjo Daro and Harappa, Erlitou, Erligang and Shixianggou, and Shi Huangi).

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2
Q

Uruk (Iraq)

A

5.5-1.8 kya was earliest true city, associated with Sumerian civilization of South Tigris Euphrates Valley.

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3
Q

Ur (Iraq)

A

4-2.5 kya had cemetery of +1800 graves including 16 royal tombs with King Abargi and Queen Puabi.

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4
Q

Hierakonpolis (Egypt)

A

5.3 kya Nile Valley urban center associated with development of Egypt unification as 1 polity, home to Narmer Palette who made 1st Dynasty of Egyptian civilization.

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5
Q

Memphis (Egypt)

A

5.1-3.3 kya Old Kingdom capital city south of Cairo, abondened after 641 AD.

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6
Q

Giza (Egypt)

A

4.5 kya Old Kingdoom pyramid complex southwest of Cairo, includes Great Sphinx (male Khafra with lion body)

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7
Q

Valley of Kings (Egypt)

A

3.5-3 kya Desert valley near Thebes (Luxor), +50 New Kingdom tombs of pharaohs & elites including King Tut.

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8
Q

Mohenjo Daro & Harappa (Pakistan)

A

4.6-3.9 kya most extensive excavated large Indus civilization cities in south Asia, 1st urban sanitation system (sewer) with indoor toilet and bath.

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9
Q

Erlitou (China)

A

4 kya elaborate site associated with earliest phase of civilization in north China, had wheeled vehicles.

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10
Q

Erligang & Shixianggou (China)

A

3.6-3046 kya early Shang dynasty sites.

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11
Q

Shi Huangdi (China)

A

2.2 kya tomb of 1st emperor Qin Shi Huangdi, includes whole terracotta army.

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12
Q

New World civilizations

A

Lowland Mesoamerica (San Lorenzo, La Venta, Ceren, Tikal, and Copan), Highland Mesoamerica (Teotihuacan, Cuicuilco, Kaminaljuyu, and Tula), Peruvian (Caral, Aspero, Sechin Alto, Chavin de Huantar, Moche, Wari, Chan Chan, Inca, Cuzco, Nazca), and Bolivia (Tiwanaku).

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13
Q

San Lorenzo (Veracruz, Mexico)

A

3.14-2.9 kya Olmec civic ceremonial center.

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14
Q

La Venta (Tabasco, Mexico)

A

2.8-2.4 kya large Olmec civic ceremonial center on coast.

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15
Q

Ceren (El Salvador)

A

1.4 kya Maya village buried by volcanic eruption, like Pompeii but in Classic period Maya life.

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16
Q

Tikal (north Guatemala)

A

2.4-1.2 kya important maya city.

17
Q

Copan (west Honduras)

A

1.6-1.2 kya major Maya city, peaked with ≈ 27 K people.

18
Q

Teotihuacan (Mexico)

A

2.2-1.35 kya earliest city state to dominate Valley of Mexico, 1 of largest urban centers in New World up to 19th century.

19
Q

Cuicuilco (Mexico)

A

2.3-2.2 kya important early center in Valley of Mexico, destruction by lava flow made it easier for Teotihuacan to take control of region.

20
Q

Kaminaljuyu (Guatema City)

A

3-1.1 kya major Maya site, similarities of elaborate tombs & architecture are often evidence of far fluing influence of Teotihuacan.

21
Q

Tula or Tollan (Mexico)

A

1.2-850 kya capital of Toltec in Valley of Mexico.

22
Q

Caral (Peru)

A

5.2-4.5 kya largee preceramic urban center in Supe Valley.

23
Q

Aspero (Peru)

A

5-4.5 kya important early center on coast has evidence of social differentiation & centralized power, site for Norte Chico civilization.

24
Q

Sechin Alto (Peru)

A

3.8-2.9 kya proto urban settlement on northwest coast.

25
Q

Chavin de Huantar (Peru)

A

2.9-2.5 kya Chavin civic ceremonial center in north.

26
Q

Moche (Trujillo, Peru)

A

1.9-1.3 kya regional city, state, and valley on north coast.

27
Q

Wari (Peru)

A

1.46-1.1 kya regional city and state in south.

28
Q

Chan Chan (Peru)

A

1.47-900 kya capital city of Chimor state.

29
Q

Inca or Inka (Peru)

A

1.4 kya people with sophisticated culture dominating at time of European arrival.

30
Q

Cuzco (Peru)

A

Capital of Inca empire in Machu Pichu.

31
Q

Nazca (Peru)

A

1.1 kya has desert line drawings in south coast.

32
Q

Tiwanaku (Lake Titicaca, Bolivia)

A

2.4-1 kya regional city, state, and valley in south, close to Perus border.