Chapter 15 - Brain & Cranial Nerves

Question 1

What are the 4 parts of the brain?

Answer 1

Cerebrum, diencephalon, brain stem, cerebellum

Question 2

Connects brain to spinal cord

Answer 2

Brain stem

Question 3

Has 2 hemispheres, responsible for balance and coordination

Answer 3

Cerebellum

Question 4

Gyri

Answer 4

Folds (looks like worms)

Question 5

Sulci

Answer 5

Depressions in brain

Question 6

Fissures

Answer 6

Deeper grooves in brain

Question 7

Meninges

Answer 7

Protective CT surrounding the brain

Question 8

Dura mater

Answer 8

Outermost meninge, dense, irregular CT

Question 9

2 layers of Dura Mater

Answer 9

Periosteal - closest to bone

Meningeal

Question 10

Dural venous sinuses

Answer 10

Cavities formed between the 2 layers of the dura mater.

They contain blood

Question 11

arachnoid layer

Answer 11

web of collagen and elastic fibers

Question 12

subarachnoid space

Answer 12

suribrospinal fluid - ependymal cells

Question 13

pia mater

Answer 13

innermost; areolar CT

adheres to brain

Question 14

cranial dural septa

Answer 14

dips the dura mater into cranial cavity to form sinuses

Question 15

falx cerebri

Answer 15

forms superior and inferior sagittal sinuses

Question 16

tentorium cerebelli

Answer 16

forms transverse sinuses

Question 17

falx cerebelli

Answer 17

forms occipital sinus

Question 18

lateral ventricle

Answer 18

2 of them

Question 19

septum pellucidum

Answer 19

thin membrane divides the 2 lateral ventricles

Question 20

interventricular foramen

Answer 20

tunnel connector in the 3rd ventricle

Question 21

mesencephalic aqueduct (cerebral aqueduct)

Answer 21

connection between the 3rd and 4th ventricles

Question 22

cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 22

circulates in ventricles, subarachnoid space, and central canal of SC
formed by choroid plexuses(ependymal cells)

Question 23

functions of cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 23

protects brain, reduces weight of brain, transports nutrients; removes waste products

Question 24

blood-brain barrier

Answer 24

formed from perivascular feet of astrocytes

Question 25

what does the blood brain barrier prevent?

Answer 25

prevents contamination of fluid in brain tissue

Question 26

what is the cerebrum responsible for?

Answer 26

responsible for conscious thought and intellectual function

Question 27

hemispheric lateralization

Answer 27

right to left | left to right

Question 28

left hemisphere

Answer 28

right handed control spoken/written language numerical/scientific skills

Question 29

right hemisphere

Answer 29

``` left handed control music/artistic awareness space/pattern perception insight imagination ```

Question 30

frontal lobe

Answer 30

motor control of sk muscle | intellectual function

Question 31

parietal lobe

Answer 31

sensory

Question 32

temporal lobe

Answer 32

auditory and olfactory sensations

Question 33

occipital lobe

Answer 33

visual stimuli

Question 34

insula lobe

Answer 34

taste interpretation | memory

Question 35

primary motor cortex

Answer 35

muscle movement

Question 36

motor speech area (broca's area)

Answer 36

helps formulate words

Question 37

primary somatosensory cortex

Answer 37

main sensory center (parietal lobe)

Question 38

wernicke's area

Answer 38

understanding written and spoken language

Question 39

gnostic area

Answer 39

integration; overall comprehension of situation

Question 40

homunculus

Answer 40

map of the brain

Question 41

central white matter

Answer 41

axons bundled together in "tracts"

Question 42

association tracts

Answer 42

within the same hemisphere

Question 43

commissural tracts

Answer 43

connect the 2 hemispheres

Question 44

projection tracts

Answer 44

project out of the brain

Question 45

cerebral (basal) nuclei

Answer 45

pairs of gray matter deep in white matter | middle of brain

Question 46

epithalamus

Answer 46

covers 3rd ventricle

Question 47

pineal gland

Answer 47

secretes melatonin | circadian rhythms - regulated by light

Question 48

habenular nuclei

Answer 48

visceral and emotional responses to odor

Question 49

diencephalon

Answer 49

3 parts: epithalami, thalamus, hypothalamus

Question 50

thalamus

Answer 50

(little dot) | filters and relays sensory information to cerebrum

Question 51

hypothalamus

Answer 51

controls temperature

Question 52

pituitary gland

Answer 52

controlled by the hypothalamus

Question 53

thermoregulation

Answer 53

temperature control

Question 54

satiety center

Answer 54

feeling of fullness or hungry

Question 55

circadian rhythms

Answer 55

sleepy or awake

Question 56

brain stem

Answer 56

3 parts; mesencephalon (mid brain), pons, medulla oblongata

Question 57

mesencephalon

Answer 57

mid brain

Question 58

cerebral peduncles

Answer 58

front of the mid brain

Question 59

corpora quadrigemina

Answer 59

back of the mid brain

Question 60

substantia nigra

Answer 60

produces dopamine

Question 61

pons

Answer 61

"bridge" | tracts that connect brain and SC

Question 62

medulla oblongata

Answer 62

tracts that connect brain and SC

Question 63

olivary nuclei

Answer 63

cluster of cell bodies

Question 64

folia

Answer 64

ridges

Question 65

arbor vitae

Answer 65

tree of life

Question 66

cerebellum functions

Answer 66

balance and coordination

Question 67

limbic system

Answer 67

emotion and memory

Question 68

amygdaloid

Answer 68

fear

Question 69

some say marry money but my brother says big butts matter more

Answer 69

sensory, sensory, motor, motor, both, etc.....

Question 70

on occasion our trusty truck acts funny, very good vehicle at home

Answer 70

olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, hypoglossal

Question 71

I: olfactory

Answer 71

smell

Question 72

II: optic

Answer 72

vision

Question 73

III: oculomotor

Answer 73

eye muscles

Question 74

IV: trochlear

Answer 74

eye muscles

Question 75

V: trigeminal

Answer 75

face region - chewing muscle

Question 76

VI: adbucens

Answer 76

eye muscles

Question 77

VII: facial

Answer 77

tongue

Question 78

VIII: vestibulocochlear

Answer 78

hearing/equilibrium

Question 79

IX: glossopharyngeal

Answer 79

tongue

Question 80

X: vagus

Answer 80

visceral organs

Question 81

XI: accessory

Answer 81

trapezius/sternocleidomastoid

Question 82

XII: hypoglossal

Answer 82

tongue muscles