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Anatomy test 3 > Chapter 15 - Brain & Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Chapter 15 - Brain & Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 parts of the brain?

A

Cerebrum, diencephalon, brain stem, cerebellum

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2
Q

Connects brain to spinal cord

A

Brain stem

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3
Q

Has 2 hemispheres, responsible for balance and coordination

A

Cerebellum

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4
Q

Gyri

A

Folds (looks like worms)

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5
Q

Sulci

A

Depressions in brain

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6
Q

Fissures

A

Deeper grooves in brain

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7
Q

Meninges

A

Protective CT surrounding the brain

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8
Q

Dura mater

A

Outermost meninge, dense, irregular CT

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9
Q

2 layers of Dura Mater

A

Periosteal - closest to bone

Meningeal

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10
Q

Dural venous sinuses

A

Cavities formed between the 2 layers of the dura mater.

They contain blood

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11
Q

arachnoid layer

A

web of collagen and elastic fibers

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12
Q

subarachnoid space

A

suribrospinal fluid - ependymal cells

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13
Q

pia mater

A

innermost; areolar CT

adheres to brain

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14
Q

cranial dural septa

A

dips the dura mater into cranial cavity to form sinuses

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15
Q

falx cerebri

A

forms superior and inferior sagittal sinuses

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16
Q

tentorium cerebelli

A

forms transverse sinuses

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17
Q

falx cerebelli

A

forms occipital sinus

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18
Q

lateral ventricle

A

2 of them

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19
Q

septum pellucidum

A

thin membrane divides the 2 lateral ventricles

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20
Q

interventricular foramen

A

tunnel connector in the 3rd ventricle

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21
Q

mesencephalic aqueduct (cerebral aqueduct)

A

connection between the 3rd and 4th ventricles

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22
Q

cerebrospinal fluid

A

circulates in ventricles, subarachnoid space, and central canal of SC
formed by choroid plexuses(ependymal cells)

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23
Q

functions of cerebrospinal fluid

A

protects brain, reduces weight of brain, transports nutrients; removes waste products

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24
Q

blood-brain barrier

A

formed from perivascular feet of astrocytes

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25
Q

what does the blood brain barrier prevent?

A

prevents contamination of fluid in brain tissue

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26
Q

what is the cerebrum responsible for?

A

responsible for conscious thought and intellectual function

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27
Q

hemispheric lateralization

A

right to left

left to right

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28
Q

left hemisphere

A

right handed control
spoken/written language
numerical/scientific skills

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29
Q

right hemisphere

A 
left handed control
music/artistic awareness
space/pattern perception
insight
imagination
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30
Q

frontal lobe

A

motor control of sk muscle

intellectual function

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31
Q

parietal lobe

A

sensory

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32
Q

temporal lobe

A

auditory and olfactory sensations

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33
Q

occipital lobe

A

visual stimuli

34
Q

insula lobe

A

taste interpretation

memory

35
Q

primary motor cortex

A

muscle movement

36
Q

motor speech area (broca’s area)

A

helps formulate words

37
Q

primary somatosensory cortex

A

main sensory center (parietal lobe)

38
Q

wernicke’s area

A

understanding written and spoken language

39
Q

gnostic area

A

integration; overall comprehension of situation

40
Q

homunculus

A

map of the brain

41
Q

central white matter

A

axons bundled together in “tracts”

42
Q

association tracts

A

within the same hemisphere

43
Q

commissural tracts

A

connect the 2 hemispheres

44
Q

projection tracts

A

project out of the brain

45
Q

cerebral (basal) nuclei

A

pairs of gray matter deep in white matter

middle of brain

46
Q

epithalamus

A

covers 3rd ventricle

47
Q

pineal gland

A

secretes melatonin

circadian rhythms - regulated by light

48
Q

habenular nuclei

A

visceral and emotional responses to odor

49
Q

diencephalon

A

3 parts: epithalami, thalamus, hypothalamus

50
Q

thalamus

A

(little dot)

filters and relays sensory information to cerebrum

51
Q

hypothalamus

A

controls temperature

52
Q

pituitary gland

A

controlled by the hypothalamus

53
Q

thermoregulation

A

temperature control

54
Q

satiety center

A

feeling of fullness or hungry

55
Q

circadian rhythms

A

sleepy or awake

56
Q

brain stem

A

3 parts; mesencephalon (mid brain), pons, medulla oblongata

57
Q

mesencephalon

A

mid brain

58
Q

cerebral peduncles

A

front of the mid brain

59
Q

corpora quadrigemina

A

back of the mid brain

60
Q

substantia nigra

A

produces dopamine

61
Q

pons

A

“bridge”

tracts that connect brain and SC

62
Q

medulla oblongata

A

tracts that connect brain and SC

63
Q

olivary nuclei

A

cluster of cell bodies

64
Q

folia

A

ridges

65
Q

arbor vitae

A

tree of life

66
Q

cerebellum functions

A

balance and coordination

67
Q

limbic system

A

emotion and memory

68
Q

amygdaloid

A

fear

69
Q

some say marry money but my brother says big butts matter more

A

sensory, sensory, motor, motor, both, etc…..

70
Q

on occasion our trusty truck acts funny, very good vehicle at home

A

olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, hypoglossal

71
Q

I: olfactory

A

smell

72
Q

II: optic

A

vision

73
Q

III: oculomotor

A

eye muscles

74
Q

IV: trochlear

A

eye muscles

75
Q

V: trigeminal

A

face region - chewing muscle

76
Q

VI: adbucens

A

eye muscles

77
Q

VII: facial

A

tongue

78
Q

VIII: vestibulocochlear

A

hearing/equilibrium

79
Q

IX: glossopharyngeal

A

tongue

80
Q

X: vagus

A

visceral organs

81
Q

XI: accessory

A

trapezius/sternocleidomastoid

82
Q

XII: hypoglossal

A

tongue muscles

Anatomy test 3 (4 decks)

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