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Anatomy test 3 > Chapter 14 - Nervous Tissue > Flashcards

Chapter 14 - Nervous Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the nervous system

A

Receive and collect information.
Process received information.
Respond to information.

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2
Q

The central nervous system contains:

A

Brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

The peripheral nervous system contains:

A

(Everything else)

Other nervous tissue, cranial and spinal nerves

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4
Q

Which nerves come off of the brain?

A

Cranial nerves

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5
Q

Which nerves come off of the spine?

A

Spinal nerves

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6
Q

T or F: cranial nerves are part of the central nervous system.

A

False: peripheral

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7
Q

Sensory (afferent) sends information towards ____ from ____

A

Central Nervous System from periphery

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8
Q

Motor (efferent) sends information towards ___ from ___

A

Periphery from Central nervous system

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9
Q

Somatic

A

To skeletal muscle

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10
Q

Autonomic

A

To smooth and cardiac muscle and glands

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11
Q

Cells of the nervous system

A

Neurons

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12
Q

Parts of the neurons

A

Soma, dendrites, axon

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13
Q

What do neurons do?

A

Respond to stimuli and send nerve impulses (action potentials)

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14
Q

T or F: neurons are excitable

A

True

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15
Q

What do dendrites do?

A

Receive info

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16
Q

What does the axon do?

A

Sends info

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17
Q

Axon hillock

A

Where action potentials begin

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18
Q

What do axon collaterals look like?

A

Branches off of the axon

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19
Q

What do axon terminals look like?

A

Little branches

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20
Q

What do the synaptic knobs look like?

A

Bulbs at the end of the axon terminals

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21
Q

Where are the synaptic vesicles located?

A

Inside of the synaptic knobs

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22
Q

What is the myelin sheath and what does it do?

A

Insulation layer of axon and if speeds up action potentials

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23
Q

What are the Nodes of Ranvier?

A

Gaps in Myelin sheath

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24
Q

T or F: neurons outnumber neuroglial cells

A

False

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25
T or F: neuroglial cells are smaller than neurons
True
26
Astrocytes
Most numerous | Star shaped
27
What do astrocytes form?
Form the blood-brain barrier
28
What do astrocytes do?
Provide structural support
29
Ependymal cells
Line ventricles of brain and central canal of spinal cord. | Have cilia to help circulate the cerebral spinal fluid.
30
What do ependymal cells form?
Form choroid plexus
31
What do ependymal cells produce?
Produce cerebrospinal fluid
32
What do microglia cells do?
Phagocytize dead/damaged nervous tissue
33
What do oligodendrocytes do?
Cover axons forming myelin sheath but only in the central nervous system.
34
What do satellite cells separate?
Separate cell soma of neuron from interstitial fluid
35
What do satellite cells regulate?
Regulate exchange of nutrients/waste products
36
Schwann cells
Wrap around axons forming myelin sheath in peripheral nervous system
37
Neurons send electrical impulses called?
Action potentials
38
Action potentials occur when a stimulus causes the neuron to ___.
Depolarize
39
What happens when the neuron is depolarized to a critical threshold of -55mv
An action potential is generated (wave of depolarization)
40
Depolarization is due to ___.
NA+ ions rushing inward
41
Repolarization is due to ___.
K+ flowing out
42
What is the refractory period?
Period after an AP when it is difficult or impossible to generate another AP
43
Refractory period where no AP can be generated, regardless of stimulus
Absolute
44
Refractory period where an AP can he generated, but only by a larger than normal stimulus
Relative
45
In myelinated axons, ion flow can only occur where?
At the nodes of Ranvier
46
Unmyelinated axons
No nodes. | Continuous conduction
47
What is the All-or-None Law?
If an AP is generated, it will travel the entire length of the axon without losing strength.
48
When AP reaches end of axon, a ____ is released.
Neurotransmitter
49
Neurotransmitters cross ____ and bind receptors on another cell causing response.
Synapse
50
T or F : the stimulus at the post synaptic neuron can only be excitatory.
False: can be excitatory or inhibitory
51
Excitatory postsynaptic potentials ____ the postsynaptic neuron.
Depolarize
52
Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials ____ the postsynaptic neuron.
Hyperpolarize
53
Nerve
Bundle of axons in peripheral nervous system
54
Ganglion
Cluster of neuron cell bodies in peripheral nervous system
55
Tract
Bundle of axons in central nervous system
56
Nucleus
Cluster of cell bodies in central nervous system
57
Endoneurium
Cover individual axons
58
Perineurium
Cover fascicles of axons
59
Epineurium
Covers entire nerve
60
Multipolar
* 1 axon, several dendrites | * motor neurons, interneurons
61
Bipolar
* 1 axon and 1 main dendrite | * rare (retina of eye, olfactory neurons)
62
Unipolar
* 1 process divides into 2 branches * branches resemble axons * dendrites at tip of axon * ALL SENSORY NEURONS
63
White matter in central nervous system
Myelinated axons
64
Gray matter in central nervous system
No myelin (somas, dendrites, unmyelinated axons, neurglia)
65
T or F: in the spinal cord gray matter surrounds the white matter.
False: white matter surrounds the gray
66
T or F: in the brain, gray matter surrounds white with some gray in the middle.
True

Anatomy test 3 (4 decks)

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