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Anatomy test 3 > Chapter 14 - Nervous Tissue > Flashcards

Chapter 14 - Nervous Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the nervous system

A

Receive and collect information.
Process received information.
Respond to information.

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2
Q

The central nervous system contains:

A

Brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

The peripheral nervous system contains:

A

(Everything else)

Other nervous tissue, cranial and spinal nerves

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4
Q

Which nerves come off of the brain?

A

Cranial nerves

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5
Q

Which nerves come off of the spine?

A

Spinal nerves

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6
Q

T or F: cranial nerves are part of the central nervous system.

A

False: peripheral

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7
Q

Sensory (afferent) sends information towards ____ from ____

A

Central Nervous System from periphery

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8
Q

Motor (efferent) sends information towards ___ from ___

A

Periphery from Central nervous system

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9
Q

Somatic

A

To skeletal muscle

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10
Q

Autonomic

A

To smooth and cardiac muscle and glands

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11
Q

Cells of the nervous system

A

Neurons

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12
Q

Parts of the neurons

A

Soma, dendrites, axon

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13
Q

What do neurons do?

A

Respond to stimuli and send nerve impulses (action potentials)

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14
Q

T or F: neurons are excitable

A

True

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15
Q

What do dendrites do?

A

Receive info

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16
Q

What does the axon do?

A

Sends info

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17
Q

Axon hillock

A

Where action potentials begin

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18
Q

What do axon collaterals look like?

A

Branches off of the axon

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19
Q

What do axon terminals look like?

A

Little branches

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20
Q

What do the synaptic knobs look like?

A

Bulbs at the end of the axon terminals

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21
Q

Where are the synaptic vesicles located?

A

Inside of the synaptic knobs

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22
Q

What is the myelin sheath and what does it do?

A

Insulation layer of axon and if speeds up action potentials

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23
Q

What are the Nodes of Ranvier?

A

Gaps in Myelin sheath

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24
Q

T or F: neurons outnumber neuroglial cells

A

False

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25
Q

T or F: neuroglial cells are smaller than neurons

A

True

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26
Q

Astrocytes

A

Most numerous

Star shaped

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27
Q

What do astrocytes form?

A

Form the blood-brain barrier

28
Q

What do astrocytes do?

A

Provide structural support

29
Q

Ependymal cells

A

Line ventricles of brain and central canal of spinal cord.

Have cilia to help circulate the cerebral spinal fluid.

30
Q

What do ependymal cells form?

A

Form choroid plexus

31
Q

What do ependymal cells produce?

A

Produce cerebrospinal fluid

32
Q

What do microglia cells do?

A

Phagocytize dead/damaged nervous tissue

33
Q

What do oligodendrocytes do?

A

Cover axons forming myelin sheath but only in the central nervous system.

34
Q

What do satellite cells separate?

A

Separate cell soma of neuron from interstitial fluid

35
Q

What do satellite cells regulate?

A

Regulate exchange of nutrients/waste products

36
Q

Schwann cells

A

Wrap around axons forming myelin sheath in peripheral nervous system

37
Q

Neurons send electrical impulses called?

A

Action potentials

38
Q

Action potentials occur when a stimulus causes the neuron to ___.

A

Depolarize

39
Q

What happens when the neuron is depolarized to a critical threshold of -55mv

A

An action potential is generated (wave of depolarization)

40
Q

Depolarization is due to ___.

A

NA+ ions rushing inward

41
Q

Repolarization is due to ___.

A

K+ flowing out

42
Q

What is the refractory period?

A

Period after an AP when it is difficult or impossible to generate another AP

43
Q

Refractory period where no AP can be generated, regardless of stimulus

A

Absolute

44
Q

Refractory period where an AP can he generated, but only by a larger than normal stimulus

A

Relative

45
Q

In myelinated axons, ion flow can only occur where?

A

At the nodes of Ranvier

46
Q

Unmyelinated axons

A

No nodes.

Continuous conduction

47
Q

What is the All-or-None Law?

A

If an AP is generated, it will travel the entire length of the axon without losing strength.

48
Q

When AP reaches end of axon, a ____ is released.

A

Neurotransmitter

49
Q

Neurotransmitters cross ____ and bind receptors on another cell causing response.

A

Synapse

50
Q

T or F : the stimulus at the post synaptic neuron can only be excitatory.

A

False: can be excitatory or inhibitory

51
Q

Excitatory postsynaptic potentials ____ the postsynaptic neuron.

A

Depolarize

52
Q

Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials ____ the postsynaptic neuron.

A

Hyperpolarize

53
Q

Nerve

A

Bundle of axons in peripheral nervous system

54
Q

Ganglion

A

Cluster of neuron cell bodies in peripheral nervous system

55
Q

Tract

A

Bundle of axons in central nervous system

56
Q

Nucleus

A

Cluster of cell bodies in central nervous system

57
Q

Endoneurium

A

Cover individual axons

58
Q

Perineurium

A

Cover fascicles of axons

59
Q

Epineurium

A

Covers entire nerve

60
Q

Multipolar

A
  • 1 axon, several dendrites

* motor neurons, interneurons

61
Q

Bipolar

A
  • 1 axon and 1 main dendrite

* rare (retina of eye, olfactory neurons)

62
Q

Unipolar

A
  • 1 process divides into 2 branches
  • branches resemble axons
  • dendrites at tip of axon
  • ALL SENSORY NEURONS
63
Q

White matter in central nervous system

A

Myelinated axons

64
Q

Gray matter in central nervous system

A

No myelin (somas, dendrites, unmyelinated axons, neurglia)

65
Q

T or F: in the spinal cord gray matter surrounds the white matter.

A

False: white matter surrounds the gray

66
Q

T or F: in the brain, gray matter surrounds white with some gray in the middle.

A

True

Anatomy test 3 (4 decks)

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