Chapter 15 - Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Answer 1

• part of PNS
• system of motor neurons that innervates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle & glands;
• dual innervation by 2 opposing divisions - sympathetic & parasympathetic

Question 2

dual innervation

Answer 2

1. sympathetic - fight or flight; emergency

2. parasympathetic - rest & digest; resting to conserve energy & digestion stimulated

Question 3

Effector of Somatic Nervous system & Autonomic Nervous system

Answer 3

SNS: skeletal muscles
ANS: cardiac & smooth muscles; glands

Question 4

Pathway of Somatic Nervous system & Autonomic Nervous system

Answer 4

SNS: 1 neuron pathway (to reach effector)
ANS: 2 neurons pathway (to reach effector)

Question 5

Ganglia of Somatic Nervous system & Autonomic Nervous system

Answer 5

SNS: NO ganglia (all cell bodies in CNS)
ANS: Has ganglia
ganglia - cluster of cell bodies in PNS

Question 6

Origin of Nerves: (in ANS only)

Answer 6

• Parasympathetic division: Craniosacral Division - some cranial nerves & some sacral nerves carry info; top & bottom;
• Sympathetic division: Thoracolumbar Division - relay info out from middle; thoracic & lumbar nerves

Question 7

Neurotransmitters of Somatic Nervous system & Autonomic Nervous system

Answer 7

SNS: Acetylcholine (ACh)
ANS: Parasympathetic div - ACh;
Sympathetic div - ACh & NE (norepinephrine)

Question 8

Location of Ganglia: (in ANS only)

Answer 8

• parasympathetic div - in or near the effector (i.e. inside walls of heart)
• sympathetic div - near the spinal cord (w/in one inch)

Question 9

Functions of Somatic Nervous system & Autonomic Nervous system

Answer 9

SNS: supplies skeletal muscles
ANS: parasympathetic div - rest & digest;
sympathetic div - fight or flight

Question 10

Somatic nervous system & Autonomic nervous system

Answer 10

SNS: voluntary motor
ANS: involuntary motor

Question 11

Interactions of the ANS

Answer 11

1. Antagonistic
2. Sympathetic only
3. Cooperative

Question 12

Antagonistic (Interactions of the ANS)

Answer 12

opposite effects of sympathetic vs. parasympathetic

Question 13

Sympathetic only (Interactions of the ANS)

Answer 13

some involuntary effectors only take one division

Question 14

Cooperative (Interactions of the ANS)

Answer 14

2 divisions work together to produce certain effects (i.e. reproductive organs - external genitalia in sexual response; parasympathetic - erection of penis;
sympathetic - ejaculation

Question 15

Ex. of Antagonistic:
Parasympathetic (when dominant)
pupils - constricts;
nasal, tear, salivary glands - stimulates;
heart rate - decreases;
respiration - decreases;
digestive tract (motility, secretions, waste removal) - stimulates

Answer 15

Sympathetic (when dominant)
pupils - dilates;
nasal, tear, salivary glands - inhibits;
heart rate - increases;
respiration - increases; dilates airways;
digestive tract (motility, secretions, waste removal) - inhibits

Question 16

Ex. of Sympathetic only:

there is NO EFFECT on parasympathetic bc no nerves supply these effectors

Answer 16

blood vessels - constricts;
resting BP
sweat glands - stimulates;
arrector pili - stimulates;
adrenal medulla - stimulates

Question 17

adrenal medulla - middle part of adrenal gland; sympathetic only

Answer 17

very unusual pathway; adrenal gland sits on top of kidney; only exception to ANS: one neuron pathway to adrenal medulla; releases 2 chemicals - epinephrine & norepinephrine; these chemicals are NOT neurotransmitters bc not released at synapses; they are released into blood stream; epinephrine (adrenaline)- increases heart rate, breathing & dilates airways;
norepinephrine (noradrenaline) - constricts blood vessels & increases BP

Question 18

Location of ganglia

Answer 18

sensory ganglia - on dorsal root ganglia;
somatic motor ganglia - none;
autonomic motor ganglia:
1. parasympathetic - in or near visceral organ
2. sympathetic - near the spinal cord;
a. sympathetic chain ganglia - bunch to left & right of spinal cord
b. abdominal aortic plexus ganglia - whole mash of nerves in front of abdomen