Chapter 15 - Aerobic training (Cardiovascular adaptations) Flashcards
What are some Aerobic Cardiovascular adaptations?
- Increased Ventricle size
- Increase stroke volume (surface area)
- Increased cardiac output (Q)
- Decreased rest and submaximal heart rates
- Decreased steady state heart rate
- Decreased recovery heart rates
- Increased capillary density to heart muscle
- Increased blood flow (20%) away from organs to working muscles
- Increase capillary density at muscles, mainly slow twit h
- Increased blood volume
Increased Plasma levels - Increased red blood cell count
- Increase haemoglobin
- Decrease blood pressure (rest and submaximal
- Increase in VO2Max
How does Increased Ventricle size lead to improved performance?
Hypertrophy (Increase left ventricle cavity and thickness of the wall).
Increased size of the ventricle = cardiac output (HR x SV)
As a result, a greater amount of oxygen, fuels and nutrients can be delivered to the working muscles to produce and resynthesise ATP aerobically.
How does Increase stroke volume (surface area) lead to improved performance?
Increased stroke volume, will enable greater amounts of blood to be ejected by the heart per beat, allowing more oxygen, fuels and nutrients to be delivered to the working muscles.
Enabling more ATP to be produced and resynthesised aerobically.
How does Increased cardiac output (Q) lead to improved performance?
Increased cardiac output at maximal intensity, will enable greater amounts of blood to be ejected by the heart per minute, allowing a greater amount of oxygen, fuels and nutrients to be delivered to the working muscles.
Enabling more ATP to be produced and resynthesised aerobically.
How does Decreased rest and submaximal heart rates lead to improved performance?
Greater ventricular filling occurs with a decrease in HR because the heart has more time to fill up. Stroke volume increases and heart rate decreases both at rest and at submaximal workloads.
The greater amount of blood ejected with each beat means that the oxygen requirements of the activity are being met more efficiently.
Therefore a heart that beats more slowly is more efficient; it requires less oxygen than a faster beating heart for the same cardiac output.
How does Decreased steady state heart rate lead to improved performance?
The increased efficiency of the cardiovascular system means that at submaximal exercise intensities, trained athletes will achieve steady state (where oxygen demand equals oxygen supply) at a lower heart rate.
How does Decreased recovery heart rates lead to improved performance?
Recovery heart rates are also decreased with aerobic training, due to the efficiency of the heart.
Due to reaching steady state earlier, an athlete’s oxygen deficit will be smaller, resulting in a smaller EPOC, meaning they will recover quicker and get back to pre resting levels earlier.
How does Increased capillary density to heart muscle lead to improved performance?
Increased capillarisation allows for improved blood flow to the heart, delivering more oxygen to the heart muscle to meet the energy demands of the myocardium.
It also enhances removal of waste products from the muscle.
Increased blood flow (20% away from organs to working muscles.
How does increase capillary density at muscles, mainly slow twitch lead to improved performance?
Increase capillarisation around the muscle site, allows for an increase supply of oxygen and other nutrients and enhanced removal of waste products from the muscle, allowing more ATP to be produced and resynthesised aerobically.
How does increased blood volume lead to improved performance?
Increase in RBC’s and blood plasma results in an increase blood volume.
How does increased plasma levels lead to improved performance?
Plasma volumes can also assist in the regulation of body temperature. Trained individuals are able to dissipate heat more quickly and economically than untrained individuals.
This improves performance, as the heat generated by energy metabolism is less detrimental to performance. Increases in blood plasma assist in increasing stroke volume, due to the increase in the volume of blood that can fill the heart during diastole.
How does increased red blood cell count lead to improved performance?
Increase red blood cell count, will allow for more oxygen to be carried to the working muscles, thus more ATP can be efficiently resynthesised /produced aerobically.
How does increased haemoglobin lead to improved performance?
Increase haemoglobin, increases the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood, allowing for more oxygen, fuels and nutrients to be carried to the working muscles to produce and resynthesise more ATP aerobically.
How does decreased blood pressure (rest and submaximal) lead to improved performance?
Aerobic training may reduce blood pressure at rest and during submaximal exercise, but it does not affect blood pressure during maximal exercise.
