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Biology 1113 > Chapter 15 > Flashcards

Chapter 15 Flashcards

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1
Q

Where are genes located on

A

chromosomes

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2
Q

Mendel’s hereditary factors were purely what

A

abstract when first proposed

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3
Q

Who worked with the process of mitosis in 1875 using improved techniques of microscopy

A

ctyologists

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4
Q

When did scientists note the parallels and when did the chromosome theory of inheritance begin to form

A

1900

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5
Q

locus means what in Latin

A

location

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6
Q

Who is the founder of the Drosophila genetics

A

T.H Morgan

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7
Q

Why would be flies be used for genetics

A
  1. Small
  2. Cheap to keep
  3. Prolific
  4. Short generation time
  5. only four chromosomes
  6. small genome
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8
Q

Morgan crossed a mutant male to a red eyed female. All the offspring were red eyed. Then set up sib matings of F1 generation. F2 had a 3:1 ratio of red to white eyes. But all the females were red eyed and half the males were whited eyed. Explain this.

A

Sex linked

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9
Q

name some disorders caused by recessive alleles on the X chromosome in humans

A
  1. Color Blindness
  2. Duchenne muscular dystrophy
  3. Hemophilia
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10
Q

X linked genes follow what

A

specific patterns of inheritance

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11
Q

What needs to happen in order for a recessive X linked trait to be expressed

A
  1. a female needs two copies of the allele

2. a male needs only one copy of the allele

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12
Q

In mammals the Y chromosome acts as what

A

a dominant male determinant

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13
Q

The early human gonad is bipotential until when

A

the sixth week of development

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14
Q

the gonad sex determination will determine what

A

the sexual phenotype

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15
Q

What is the SRY gene

A

Sex determining region on Y

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16
Q

What happens if the SRY gene is activated

A

the genetic gonad follows the male pathway and becomes a testis

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17
Q

What are some genotypes of sex reversed individuals

A

XX males

XY females

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18
Q

XX males have what portion that includes SRY

A

portion on the Y chromosome

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19
Q

XY females lack what portion that includes SRY

A

portion of the Y chromosome

20
Q

If the SRY gene was deleted the animal would develop as

A

Without SRY animal develops as a female

21
Q

In females 1 of these is inactivated in order to ensure that there are only one set of proteins

A

1 X chromosome

22
Q

What is the inactive X called

A

Barr body

23
Q

is the process of barr body random and what does it produce

A

Yes the process is random and it produces a mosaic

24
Q

Where do cats carry their coat color

A

on the X chromosome

25
Q

Where do tortoishell cats get their color from

A

X- inactivation

26
Q

Calico cats are similar to toroishell cats but have an additional what

A

spotting gene

27
Q

Each chromosome has hundreds or thousands of genes except which chromosome

A

Y

28
Q

What are linked genes

A

genes located on the same chromosome that tend to be inherited together

29
Q

Do linked genes assort independtly

A

No because they are on the same chromosome

30
Q

What is genetic recombination

A

the production of offspring with combinations of traits differing from either parent

31
Q

Who’s genetic findings relate to the chromosomal basis of recombination

A

Mendel’s and Morgan’s

32
Q

What are parental types

A

Offspring with a phenotype matching of the parental phenotypes

33
Q

what are the recombinant types

A

offspring with nonparental phenotypes

34
Q

what is the frequency of recombination observed for any two genes on different chromsomes

A

50%

35
Q

Morgan discovered that genes can be linked but the linkage was incomplete. Explain why

A

Some recombinant phenotypes were observed

36
Q

What did Morgan propose to explain why the linkage was incomplete

A

Some process must be occasionally break the physical connection between genes on the same chromosome

37
Q

The process must be occasionally break the physical connection between genes on the same chromosome what is this mechanism known as today

A

the crossing over of homologous chromosomes

38
Q

Morgan also discovered that the rate of crossing over between genes could be used to determine what

A

the genetic distance between them

39
Q

What is a genetic map

A

an ordered list of the genetic loci along a particular chromosome

40
Q

Who first constructed a genetic map

A

Alfred Sturtevant

41
Q

Sturtevant predicted what

A

the farther apart two genes are, the higher the probability that a crossover will occur between them and therefore the higher the recombination frequency

42
Q

What is a linkage map

A

a genetic map of a chromosome based on recombination frequencies

43
Q

What is a map unit

A

distances between genes

44
Q

One map unit is equal to what

A

1% recombination frequency

45
Q

Map units indicate what

A

relative distance and order, not precise locations of genes.

Biology 1113 (4 decks)

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