chapter 15 Flashcards
Darwin made observations and collected evidence that made him propose a revolutionary hypothesis about the _____
way life changes over time (prompted theory of evolution)
what did Darwin observe
Darwin observed that the characteristics of many animals and plants noticeably among different islands
is the following sentence true or false? Charles Darwin contributed more to our under standing of evolution than anyone else
true
Is the following sentence true or false? Darwin was looking for a scientific explanation for the diversity of life on Earth.
true
As Darwin studied fossils, what new questions arose?
He wondered why so many of the species had disappeared and how they were related to living species
How did Darwin explain the differences in shell shape of the tortoises from Hood Island and Isabela Island
Hood Island- Curved Shape
Isabela Island- Dome Shape
The shape of the turtles shell could be used to identify which island the turtle is from
Darwin observed that small birds on the Galapagos Islands differed in the shape of their ______
beaks
What did Darwin think about his journey home to England?
Darwin thought about how the characteristics of many animals and plants varied noticeably among the different islands
After he returned to England, what hypothesis did Darwin develop to explain his findings?
separate species evolved from a common ancestor
Two scientists who helped Darwin and others recognize how old Earth is were ______ and _______
- James Hutton
- Charles Lyell
What is true about Lyell work?
- His work explained how awesome geological features could be built up or torn down over long periods of time
- His publications helped Darwin appreciate the significance of the geological phenomena that he had observed
- He stressed that scientists must explain past events in terms of processes that they can actually observe
In what two ways did an understanding of geology influence Darwin?
he realized that if the Earth could change over time, might life change as well? second, he realized that it would have taken many, many years for life to change in the world he suggested
Is the following sentence true or false? Lamarck was among the first scientists to recognize that living things have changed over time
true
Is the following sentence true or false? Lamarck proposed that all organisms have an innate tendency toward complexity and perfection
true
How did Lamarck pave the way for the work of later biologosts
Lamarck was one of the first to develop a scientific theory of evolution and to realize that organisms are adapted to their environment
What is true about Thomas Malthus
- he was an important influence on Darwin
- He believed that war, famine, and disease limit the growth of populations
Is the following sentence true or false? When Darwin returned to England, he rushed to publish his thoughts about evolution
false
The naturalist whose essay gave Darwin an incentive to publish his own work was ________
Alfred Russell Wallace
What is true about Darwins Book, On The Origin Of Species
- It described natural selection
- It contained evidence for evolution
true or false? Genetic variation is found only in wild organism in nature
false
what is true about artificial selection
- It is also called selective breesing
- It occurs when humans select natural variations they find useful
- it produces organisms that look very different from their ancestors
What was Darwin’s greatest contribution
developing a scientific hypothesis
what does the phrase struggle for existence mean
means that members of each species competes regularly to obtain food, living space, and other necessities of life
true or false? Adaptations can be physical characteristics but not more complex features such as behavior
false
what is the status of Darwin’s hypothesis today
it continues to be up held by research in all areas of biology
evidence for evoultion can be found in
- the fossil record
- geographic distribution of living species
- homologous structures of living organisms
- similarities in early species
