Chapter 11

Question 1

term used to describe organisms that produce offspring identical to themselves if allowed to self pollinate

Answer 1

true breeding

Question 2

specific characteristics that varies from one individual to another

Answer 2

trait

Question 3

sequence of DNA that codes for protein and thus determines a trait

Answer 3

gene

Question 4

offspring of crosses between parents with different traits

Answer 4

hybrid

Question 5

different forms of a gene

Answer 5

allele

Question 6

separation of alleles during gamete formation

Answer 6

segregation

Question 7

specialized cell involved in sexual reproduction

Answer 7

gamete

Question 8

likelihood that a particular event will occur

Answer 8

probability

Question 9

diagram showing the gene combinations that might result from a genetic cross

Answer 9

Punnet Square

Question 10

term used to refer to an organism that has two identical alleles for a particular trait

Answer 10

homozygous

Question 11

term used to refer to an organism that has two different alleles for the same trait

Answer 11

heterozygous

Question 12

physical makeup of an organism

Answer 12

phenotype

Question 13

genetic makeup of an organism

Answer 13

genotype

Question 14

scientific study of heredity

Answer 14

genetics

Question 15

independent segregation of genes during the formation of gametes

Answer 15

independent assortment

Question 16

situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another

Answer 16

incomplete dominance

Question 17

situation in which both alleles of a gene contribute to the phenotype of the organism

Answer 17

codominance

Question 18

three or more alleles of the same gene

Answer 18

multiple alleles

Question 19

trait controlled by two or more genes

Answer 19

polygenic traits

Question 20

term used to refers to chromosomes that each have a corresponding chromosome from the opposite sex parent

Answer 20

homologous

Question 21

term used to refer to a cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes

Answer 21

diploid

Question 22

term used to refer to a cell that contains only a single set of chromosomes and therefore are only a single set of genes

Answer 22

haploid

Question 23

process by which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell

Answer 23

meiosis

Question 24

structure containing 4 chromatids that forms during meiosis

Answer 24

tetrad

Question 25

process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis

Answer 25

crossing-over

Question 26

diagram showing the relative locations of each known gene on a particular chromosome

Answer 26

gene map