Chapter 15 Flashcards
Gentlemen’s Agreement
U.S. agreed to repeal the San Francisco segregation order if Japan limited the emigration of unskilled workers
Chinese Exclusion Act
- limited the amount of Chinese immigrants
- only students, teachers, tourists, and government officials were allowed to enter
Americanization Movement
- designed to assimilate people of wide-ranging cultures into the dominant culture
- taught English, cooking, social etiquette
Social Gospel Movement
preached salvation through service to the urban poor
settlement houses
community centers in slum neighborhoods that provided assistance to people in the area, esp. immigrants
Jane Addams
- founded Chicago’s Hull House
- influential member of the Social Gospel Movement
political machine
an organized group that controlled the activities of a political party in a city
gaft
illegal use of political influence for personal gain
Boss Tweed
- head of Tammany Hall (political machine in NY)
- led the Tweed Ring in defrauding the city
patronage
giving government jobs to people who helped a candidate get elected (Andrew Jackson)
civil service
government administration
Rutherford Hayes
- couldn’t convince Congress to support civil service reform so he named independents in his cabinet
- set up a commission to investigate customhouses
James Garfield
- independent presidential candidate
- angered many stalwarts when he gave reformers most of his patronage jobs
Stalwarts
Republican party led by Senator Conkling that opposed all attempts at civil service reforms
Chester Arthur
nominated by Republicans to balance out Garfield’s ties to reformers
Pendleton Civil Service Act
authorized a civil service commission to make appointments to federal jobs through a merit system based on candidates’ performance on an examination
Grover Cleveland
- Democratic, lost
- tried to lower tariff rate
Benjamin Harrison
McKinley Tariff Act of 1890 (raised tariff)
